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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Hypertonic saline vs sodium‐2‐mercaptoethane sulphonate (Mistabron®) LCI · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline vs sodium‐2‐mercaptoethane sulphonate (Mistabron®) Mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline vs sodium‐2‐mercaptoethane sulphonate (Mistabron®) Measures of sputum clearance · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline vs sodium‐2‐mercaptoethane sulphonate (Mistabron®) Pulmonary exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline vs sodium‐2‐mercaptoethane sulphonate (Mistabron®) Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline vs mannitol FEV1: short‐term · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline vs mannitol FEV1: long‐term · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline vs mannitol LCI · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline vs mannitol Mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs isotonic saline Mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (stable lung disease) Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline vs mannitol Measures of sputum clearance · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline vs mannitol Pulmonary exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline vs mannitol Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol FEV1 (% predicted) change from baseline, short‐term · adults with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 89 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol FEV1 (% predicted) change from baseline, long‐term · adults with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol LCI · adults with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol Mortality · adults with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol Measures of sputum clearance · adults with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol Pulmonary exacerbations · adults with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol Adverse events: serious adverse events · adults with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 89 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs isotonic saline Measures of sputum clearance · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (stable lung disease) Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs hypertonic saline 3% FEV1 (% predicted) change from baseline, short‐term · children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs hypertonic saline 3% FEV1 (% predicted) change from baseline, long‐term · children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs hypertonic saline 3% LCI · children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs hypertonic saline 3% Mortality · children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs hypertonic saline 3% Measures of sputum clearance · children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs hypertonic saline 3% Pulmonary exacerbations · children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 7% vs hypertonic saline 3% Adverse events · children with cystic fibrosis Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs isotonic saline Pulmonary exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (stable lung disease) Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 607 participants | Very low |
Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs isotonic saline Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (stable lung disease) Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 513 participants | Low |
Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs isotonic saline FEV1 (% predicted) change from baseline, short‐term · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease) Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Low |
Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs isotonic saline FEV1 (% predicted) change from baseline, long‐term · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease) Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bisphosphonates vs control New vertebral fractures · adults with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 142 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo BMD: % change in BMD at the hip or femur · children with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo QoL · children with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo Adverse events · children with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 113 participants | Low |
Bisphosphonates vs no bisphosphonates New vertebral fractures · adults with cystic fibrosis who have had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 participants | Ungraded |
Bisphosphonates vs no bisphosphonates New non‐vertebral fractures · adults with cystic fibrosis who have had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 participants | Ungraded |
Bisphosphonates vs no bisphosphonates BMD: % change in BMD at the lumbar spine · adults with cystic fibrosis who have had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 participants | Ungraded |
Bisphosphonates vs no bisphosphonates BMD: % change in BMD at the hip or femur · adults with cystic fibrosis who have had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 participants | Ungraded |
Bisphosphonates vs no bisphosphonates QoL · adults with cystic fibrosis who have had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bisphosphonates vs no bisphosphonates Adverse events · adults with cystic fibrosis who have had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 participants | Ungraded |
Bisphosphonates vs control New non‐vertebral fractures · adults with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 95 participants | Very low |
Bisphosphonates vs control BMD: % change in BMD at the lumbar spine · adults with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 171 participants | Low |
Bisphosphonates vs control BMD: % change in BMD at the hip or femur · adults with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 155 participants | Low |
Bisphosphonates vs control QoL: change in physical and mental component scores (SF36v2) · adults with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Bisphosphonates vs control Adverse events: bone pain (all routes of bisphosphonate administration) · adults with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 206 participants | Moderate |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo New vertebral fractures · children with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.03, 3.13] | 1 study · 113 participants | Low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo New non‐vertebral fractures · children with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.19 [0.01, 4.04] | 1 study · 113 participants | Low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo BMD: % change in BMD at the lumbar spine · children with cystic fibrosis who have not had a lung transplant Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 113 participants | Low |