Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

304 questions · 314 findings · 29 reviews · Public Health

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No studies found 57 · 18.2%GRADE not reported 22 · 7%Very low 88 · 28%Low 86 · 27.4%Moderate 43 · 13.7%High 18 · 5.7%

Intervention not reported

Du Preez 2010 (cRCT) · households

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve water quality and supply, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their effects on the… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Du Preez 2011 (cRCT) · households

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve water quality and supply, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their effects on the… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Smoking during pregnancy · working‐age adults

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes smoking during pregnancy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

In‐work tax credits for families and their impact on health status in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.95 [0.94, 0.96]
1 study · 5260202 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Death (all‐cause) · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Mental development · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Cognitive function and motor skill development · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Cretinism · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Hypothyroidism · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects (RCT) · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Urinary iodine concentration (RCT) · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2032 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Urinary iodine concentration (non‐RCT) · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
262 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Thyroid‐stimulating hormone concentration · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Serum thyroglobulin concentration · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Physical development measures (non‐RCT) · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

a. Weight · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
83 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

b. Height assessment tool not reported · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
83 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

c. Weight‐for‐age computed from weight and age values · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
83 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

d. Height‐for‐age computed from height and age values · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
83 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

e. Weight‐for‐height computed from weight and height values · all populations, including pregnant women, from any country

1 finding from 1 review

Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
83 participants
Very low

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added vs fortified wheat flour with same micronutrients (but not iron)

Anaemia · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

iron‐fortified wheat flour with or without other micronutrients added may leads to lower anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and… compared with wheat flour (no added iron) with the same other micronutrients added (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour fortification with iron and other micronutrients for reducing anaemia and improving iron status in… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.55, 0.97]
5 studies · 2315 participants
Low