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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

163 questions · 236 findings · 12 reviews · Periodontology

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No studies found 40 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 105 · 44.5%Very low 58 · 24.6%Low 28 · 11.9%Moderate 5 · 2.1%High 0 · 0%

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Small‐for‐gestational age · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or… may leads to lower birth weight (low birth weight < 2500 g) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Maternal death · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination
1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs no treatment

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination
1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Number of ibuprofen tablets required · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in number of ibuprofen tablets required compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Percussion pain at 24 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in percussion pain at 24 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Pain at 24 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

It is very uncertain whether postoperative systemic antibiotics… changes pain at 24 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Swelling (mean) · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in swelling at 48 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

4 findings from 1 review
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Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Pain at 48 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in pain at 48 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Pain at 72 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

It is very uncertain whether postoperative systemic antibiotics… changes pain at 72 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Percussion pain at 72 hours · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in percussion pain at 72 hours compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Percussion pain at 7 days · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in percussion pain at 7 days compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Adverse effects · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)
1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Pain at 7 days · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

It is very uncertain whether postoperative systemic antibiotics… changes pain at 7 days compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing), post-treatment vs Pre-treatment (baseline, same group)

High salivary S. mutans (over 10^4 CFU/ml) · Periodontitis patients

High-level S. mutans did not change significantly after periodontal therapy (OR 1.54).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Number of paracetamol (acetaminophen) with codeine tablets required · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in number of paracetamol (acetaminophen) with codeine tablets required compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Endodontic flare-up · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)

Postoperative systemic antibiotics… showed no clear difference in endodontic flare-up compared with matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Plaque · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)

In randomized trials, clear aligners probably reduce plaque accumulation versus fixed appliances, though the subgroup estimate is imprecise and its CI crosses no effect (SMD -1.79, 95% CI -3.63 to 0.04; moderate certainty).

6 findings from 1 review
Show 3 more findings

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

White spot lesion incidence · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)

Most studies reported a lower incidence of white spot lesions with clear aligners than fixed appliances, but heterogeneous assessment methods precluded meta-analysis (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Severity of white spot lesions (surface area and depth) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)

White spot lesion severity was assessed narratively in a small number of studies and not meta-analyzed; evidence is limited (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review