What do systematic reviews say?

Buprenorphine vs clonidine

• Detoxification treatments for opiate dependent adolescents 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 32 participants
  Moderate

Buprenorphine vs clonidine

Buprenorphine probably leads to higher initiation of naltrexone treatment Number of participants initiating… compared with clonidine (moderate certainty).

• Detoxification treatments for opiate dependent adolescents 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 11 [1.58, 76.55]
  1 study · 36 participants
  Moderate

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether tricyclic antidepressants changes benzodiazepine discontinuation, end of intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.52, 1.28]
  2 studies · 105 participants
  Very low

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Tricyclic antidepressants may leads to higher benzodiazepine discontinuation, longest compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.2 [1.27, 3.82]
  1 study · 47 participants
  Low

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 38 participants
  Very low

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mixed action antidepressant vs placebo

Mixed action antidepressant showed no clear difference in participants experiencing adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.55, 1.55]
  1 study · 76 participants
  Low

Mixed action antidepressant vs placebo

Mixed action antidepressant showed no clear difference in participants withdrawn due to adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.44 [0.11, 18.9]
  2 studies · 179 participants
  Low

Mixed action antidepressant vs placebo

Mixed action antidepressant showed no clear difference in completion of scheduled treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.71, 1.21]
  2 studies · 169 participants
  Low

Mixed action antidepressant vs placebo

Mixed action antidepressant showed no clear difference in participants abstinent at end of treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.12, 5.41]
  2 studies · 179 participants
  Low

Community‐based buprenorphine vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether community‐based buprenorphine changes end of treatment drug use compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.27, 1.2]
  1 study · 36 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.25, 1.35]
  1 study · 36 participants
  Very low

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation vs placebo

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation showed no clear difference in participants abstinent at end of treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.64, 1.52]
  3 studies · 305 participants
  Moderate

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation vs placebo

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation showed no clear difference in participants experiencing adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.89, 1.17]
  3 studies · 318 participants
  Moderate

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation vs placebo

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation showed no clear difference in participants withdrawn due to adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.72 [0.51, 14.59]
  3 studies · 318 participants
  Low

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation vs placebo

Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol preparation showed no clear difference in completion of scheduled treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.88, 1.37]
  4 studies · 369 participants
  Low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant showed no clear difference in participants abstinent at end of treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.73 [0.61, 4.89]
  2 studies · 128 participants
  Low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant changes participants experiencing adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.57, 1.02]
  1 study · 76 participants
  Very low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant changes participants withdrawn due to adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.71 [0.16, 18.04]
  1 study · 76 participants
  Very low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant changes completion of scheduled treatment compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.49, 1.27]
  3 studies · 198 participants
  Very low

Music intervention plus standard care vs usual care

• Music therapy for people with substance use disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 100 participants
  Moderate