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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,841 questions · 1,893 findings · 109 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 546 · 28.8%GRADE not reported 117 · 6.2%Very low 613 · 32.4%Low 473 · 25%Moderate 118 · 6.2%High 26 · 1.4%

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Psychological well‐being (secondary outcome) Not addressed · people within 3 months after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: death (secondary outcome) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ gastrointestinal effects (e.g. constipation,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Serious adverse events (number) ‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin versus pegylated interferon‐alpha · people with acute hepatitis C infection

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes serious adverse events (proportion) ‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha… compared with no intervention or control intervention (control) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Chronic HCV infection†‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin versus pegylated interferon‐alpha · people with acute hepatitis C infection

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes chronic HCV infection†‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin… compared with no intervention or control intervention (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review