Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

161 questions · 170 findings · 38 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 22 · 12.9%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.2%Very low 38 · 22.4%Low 66 · 38.8%Moderate 31 · 18.2%High 11 · 6.5%

Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs S‐LE

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · Parenterally fed preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether all alternative LE changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease compared with S‐LE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review · compare the 2 reviews

Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract

Pulmonary hemorrhage · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS

Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract showed no clear difference in pulmonary hemorrhage compared with modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract vs porcine minced lung surfactant extract

Pulmonary hemorrhage · Preterm infants for treatment of RDS

Modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract showed no clear difference in pulmonary hemorrhage compared with porcine minced lung surfactant extract (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract vs modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract

Pulmonary hemorrhage · Preterm infants for prevention of RDS

Bovine lung lavage surfactant extract showed no clear difference in pulmonary hemorrhage compared with modified bovine minced lung surfactant extract (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual tailored vs continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen

Death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Individual tailored showed no clear difference in death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years compared with continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual tailored vs continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen

Death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Individual tailored showed no clear difference in death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) compared with continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen

Death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Lower showed no clear difference in death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years compared with higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen

Death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

It is very uncertain whether lower changes death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions)… compared with higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Later vs earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy

Death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Later showed no clear difference in death or cerebral palsy at 1 to 3 years compared with earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Later vs earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy

Death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Later showed no clear difference in death or abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome (various definitions) compared with earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Mortality Mortality at latest · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

BPD (36 weeks' PMA) · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids probably leads to lower BPD (36 weeks' PMA) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review