Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

140 questions · 145 findings · 33 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

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No studies found 19 · 13.1%GRADE not reported 1 · 0.7%Very low 53 · 36.6%Low 41 · 28.3%Moderate 25 · 17.2%High 6 · 4.1%

Antidepressants vs placebo

Acceptability ‐ total dropouts · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in treatment acceptability ‐ dropouts compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.74, 1.64]
Studies not reported
Low

CBT vs treatment

Acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment assessment) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

CBT showed no clear difference in acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment… compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.37 [0.73, 2.56]
8 studies · 441 participants
Low

CBT vs attention control

Acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment assessment) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

CBT showed no clear difference in acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment… compared with attention control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.68, 1.49]
12 studies · 797 participants
Low

CBT vs WAIT LIST

Acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment assessment) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

CBT showed no clear difference in acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment… compared with waitlist (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.09 [0.85, 1.41]
45 studies · 3158 participants
Low

CBT vs alternative treatment

Acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment assessment) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

CBT showed no clear difference in acceptability (number of participants lost to post‐treatment… compared with alternative treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.58 [0.61, 4.13]
7 studies · 515 participants
Low

Behavioural activation vs humanistic therapy

treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (1 to 10 weeks) · depression in adults

It is very uncertain whether behavioural activation changes treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (2‐10 weeks) compared with humanistic therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.2, 5.55]
2 studies · 96 participants
Very low

Behavioural activation vs CBT

Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptability up to 6 months (4‐16 weeks) compared with CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.85, 1.25]
12 studies · 1195 participants
Low

Behavioural activation vs interpersonal, cognitive analytic, integrative

treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (4‐12 weeks) · depression in adults

It is very uncertain whether behavioural activation changes treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (4‐12 weeks) compared with interpersonal, cognitive analytic, integrative (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.32, 2.2]
4 studies · 123 participants
Very low

Behavioural activation vs waiting list control

treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (1 to 10 weeks) · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (1 to 10 weeks) compared with waiting list (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.7, 1.93]
8 studies · 359 participants
Moderate

Behavioural activation vs placebo

treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (12‐16 weeks) · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (16 weeks) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.31, 1.67]
1 study · 96 participants
Low

Behavioural activation vs medication

treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (12‐16 weeks) · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (12‐16 weeks) compared with medication (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.23, 1.16]
2 studies · 243 participants
Moderate

Behavioural activation vs no treatment

treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (2‐5 weeks) · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (2‐5 weeks) compared with no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.45, 2.09]
3 studies · 187 participants
Moderate

Behavioural activation vs treatment

treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (5‐12 weeks) · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptabilityup to 6 months (5‐12 weeks) compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.64 [0.81, 3.31]
14 studies · 2518 participants
Moderate

Behavioural activation vs third‐wave CBT

Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · depression in adults

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptability up to 6 months (4‐8 weeks) compared with third‐wave CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.33, 2.1]
3 studies · 147 participants
Low

Behavioural activation vs any comparator

Acceptability · depression in adults with non‐communicable diseases

Behavioural activation showed no clear difference in treatment acceptability (short term: 2 months) compared with any comparator (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults with non‐communicable diseases 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.81 [0.68, 4.82]
1 study · 80 participants
Low
Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults with non‐communicable diseases 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.25, 3.1]
1 study · 101 participants
Low

Antidepressants plus benzodiazepines vs antidepressants alone

Acceptability ‐ total dropouts · patients with major depression

Antidepressants plus benzodiazepines showed no clear difference in acceptability of treatment (dropout for any reason) compared with antidepressants alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants plus benzodiazepines for adults with major depression 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.54, 1.07]
10 studies · 731 participants
Moderate

Lithium vs valproate

Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania

Lithium showed no clear difference in acceptability: total withdrawals compared with valproate (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.2 [0.86, 1.69]
5 studies · 629 participants
High

Lithium vs lamotrigine

Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania

It is very uncertain whether lithium changes acceptability: total withdrawals compared with lamotrigine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.5, 1.29]
3 studies · 303 participants
Very low

Lithium vs carbamazepine

Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania

Lithium showed no clear difference in acceptability: total withdrawals compared with carbamazepine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.2 [0.02, 1.94]
1 study · 34 participants
Low

Lithium vs QUETIAPINE

Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania

It is very uncertain whether lithium changes acceptability: total withdrawals compared with quetiapine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.38 [0.83, 2.28]
2 studies · 359 participants
Very low