Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

144 questions · 149 findings · 13 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 26 · 17.4%GRADE not reported 6 · 4%Very low 45 · 30.2%Low 49 · 32.9%Moderate 20 · 13.4%High 3 · 2%

Intravenous iron vs oral iron

Ferritin (µg/L) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery

Intravenous iron therapy may leads to higher ferritin preoperatively postintervention (ng/L) compared with oral iron therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous iron vs oral iron

Haemoglobin (g/dL) · people with preoperative anaemia awaiting major surgery

Intravenous iron therapy may leads to higher haemoglobin levels at end of preoperative treatment (g/dL) compared with oral iron therapy (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Low birthweight · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Preterm birth · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Neonatal death (death within the first 28 days of life) · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Any congenital anomalies · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in congenital anomalies (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Maternal severe anaemia at any time during 2nd or 3rd trimester (Hb less than 70 g/L) · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether (Maternal outcomes) Any supplements containing iron changes maternal severe anaemia at any time during second and third… compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review