Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

329 questions · 344 findings · 34 reviews · Gut

No studies found 31 · 9%GRADE not reported 6 · 1.7%Very low 101 · 29.4%Low 82 · 23.8%Moderate 86 · 25%High 38 · 11%

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Any adverse events · advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma

Biological therapy showed no clear difference in any adverse events compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Progression‐free survival · advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma

Biological therapy probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Serious adverse events · advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma

Biological therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Tumour response · advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma

Biological therapy may leads to higher tumour response rate compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs sham biofeedback plus standard therapy

Clinical remission or improvement · people with irritable bowel syndrome

It is very uncertain whether biofeedback plus standard therapy changes clinical response (adequate improvement or remission) compared with sham biofeedback plus standard therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review