Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

159 questions · 169 findings · 22 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 10 · 5.9%GRADE not reported 44 · 26%Very low 25 · 14.8%Low 25 · 14.8%Moderate 60 · 35.5%High 5 · 3%

ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Mental state: 2. Not improved (BPRS, < 30% decrease in BPRS score) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes mental state: BPRS (not improved, reduced rate < 30%, short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clozapine: low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day) vs standard dose (301 mg/day to 600 mg/day)

Mental state: clinically important response in mental state BPRS score >30% change · patients with schizophrenia

Clozapine: low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day) showed no clear difference in mental state: clinically important response in mental state BPRS… compared with standard dose (301 mg/day to 600 mg/day) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with high dose ( greater than or equal to 10 mg) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to higher leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with high dose (… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global evaluation ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to higher global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with high dose (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus high dose ( greater than or equal to 10 mg) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review