Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

82 questions · 84 findings · 4 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 14 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 37 · 44%Very low 18 · 21.4%Low 7 · 8.3%Moderate 8 · 9.5%High 0 · 0%

Metformin vs insulin

Neurosensory disability · women with type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Metformin vs insulin

Childhood/adulthood adiposity · women with type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Metformin vs insulin

Childhood/adulthood diabetes · women with type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Metformin vs insulin

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced hypertension) · women with type 2 diabetes

Maternal outcomes: oral anti‐diabetic agent (metformin) may leads to lower hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pregnancy‐induced hypertension compared with insulin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.37, 0.91]
1 study · 206 participants
Low

Metformin vs insulin

Caesarean section · women with type 2 diabetes

Maternal outcomes: oral anti‐diabetic agent (metformin) may leads to lower caesarean section compared with insulin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.61, 0.88]
3 studies · 241 participants
Low

Metformin vs insulin

Induction of labour · women with type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether maternal outcomes: oral anti‐diabetic agent (metformin) changes induction of labour compared with insulin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.42 [0.62, 3.28]
2 studies · 35 participants
Very low

Metformin vs insulin

Perineal trauma · women with type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Metformin vs insulin

Postnatal depression · women with type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Metformin vs insulin

Postnatal weight retention · women with type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Metformin vs insulin

Large‐for‐gestational age · women with type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether infant outcomes: oral anti‐diabetic agent (metformin) changes large‐for‐gestational age compared with insulin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.73, 1.72]
1 study · 206 participants
Very low

Metformin vs insulin

Perinatal mortality · women with type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anti‐diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 220 participants
Very low

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy · pregnant women with diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CSII vs MDI: infant outcomes

Adiposity (infant) · infants of pregnant women with diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CSII vs MDI: infant outcomes

Neurosensory disability · infants of pregnant women with diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

Caesarean section · pregnant women with diabetes

It is very uncertain whether CSII changes caesarean section compared with MDI: maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.66, 1.77]
3 studies · 71 participants
Very low

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

Development of type 2 diabetes · pregnant women with diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

Perineal trauma · pregnant women with diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

Return to pre‐pregnancy weight · pregnant women with diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

Postnatal depression · pregnant women with diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

Induction of labour · pregnant women with diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported