Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

99 questions · 101 findings · 24 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 7 · 6.9%GRADE not reported 9 · 8.9%Very low 39 · 38.6%Low 27 · 26.7%Moderate 12 · 11.9%High 7 · 6.9%

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 97 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participant‐reported satisfaction: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 81 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 81 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training may leads to higher participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment compared with anticholinergics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [1.1, 1.7]
4 studies · 258 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Symptom‐ and condition‐related quality of life: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 117 participants
Very low

Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

Participation (SDM‐specific‐reported outcomes, immediately after intervention) Combined Outcome Measure for Risk Communication and Treatment Decision‐making Effectiveness (COMRADE; Edwards 2003) measured immediately after decision‐making (Aoki 201... · patients with mental health disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Shared decision‐making interventions for people with mental health conditions 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 534 participants
Low

Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the end of treatment · children with nocturnal enuresis

It is very uncertain whether alarm changes proportion of children achieving 14 consecutive dry nights by the… compared with other types of alarm (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.88 [0.97, 3.63]
2 studies · 62 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity immediate post‐treatment (3 weeks) · Patients with chronic non‐specific neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy for neck pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Global Perceived Effect immediate post‐treatment (3 weeks) · Patients with chronic non‐specific neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy for neck pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low

rHuEPO with iron vs control treatment with or without iron

Subgroup Hb concentration immediately prior to surgery (g/dL) rHuEPO high (500 to 600 IU/kg BW) · adult participants, irrespective of gender and type of non‐cardiac surgery, with mild or severe preoperative anaemia

1 finding from 1 review

Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 852 participants
Low

rHuEPO with iron vs control treatment with or without iron

Subgroup Hb concentration immediately prior to surgery (g/dL) rHuEPO low (150 to 300 IU/kg BW) · adult participants, irrespective of gender and type of non‐cardiac surgery, with mild or severe preoperative anaemia

1 finding from 1 review

Erythropoietin plus iron versus control treatment including placebo or iron for preoperative anaemic adults undergoing… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 334 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Physical well‐being SF‐36 Physical Component Summary Score 0 to 100, higher scores indicate higher levels of physical well‐being Immediately post‐intervention · Cancer patients with cognitive impairment due to systemic cancer treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment due to systemic cancer treatment 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 95 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Psychological well‐being SF‐36 Mental Component Summary Score 0 to 100, higher scores indicate higher levels of physical well‐being Immediately post‐intervention · Cancer patients with cognitive impairment due to systemic cancer treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment due to systemic cancer treatment 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 95 participants
Low

Facilitated tucking vs no intervention

Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) · preterm born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 557 participants
Very low

Structured parent involvement vs no intervention

Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) · full‐term born older infants

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 728 participants
Low

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no intervention

Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) · preterm born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 379 participants
Very low

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no intervention

Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) · full‐term born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 536 participants
Very low

Swaddling vs no intervention

Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) · preterm born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 204 participants
Very low