Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,138 questions · 1,154 findings · 139 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 184 · 15.9%GRADE not reported 183 · 15.9%Very low 273 · 23.7%Low 296 · 25.6%Moderate 171 · 14.8%High 47 · 4.1%

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users

Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in retention ‐ end of treatment compared with treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to bladder training changes number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs,… compared with bladder training alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to magnetic stimulation vs magnetic stimulation alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT prior to surgical intervention vs surgical intervention alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Recurrent ischaemic or unknown stroke during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes recurrent ischaemic/unknown stroke during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review