Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

67 questions · 68 findings · 6 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 16 · 23.5%GRADE not reported 10 · 14.7%Very low 14 · 20.6%Low 17 · 25%Moderate 10 · 14.7%High 1 · 1.5%

Physical activity plus healthy lifestyle education interventions vs standard practice

School achievement: Mathematics · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 384 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs placebo

Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 523 participants
Low

Probiotics vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 575 participants
Low

Probiotics vs placebo

Relief of pain · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Different… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.63 [1.07, 2.47]
7 studies · 722 participants
Moderate
Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.94 [1.1, 3.43]
2 studies · 224 participants
Moderate

Probiotics vs placebo

Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup (irritable bowel syndrome) Different measures were used to assess improvement in pain, as above. · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.01 [1.77, 5.13]
4 studies · 344 participants
Moderate

Fibre vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 135 participants
Low

Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in pain was defined and measured differently in the 2 included studies: using a "stomach ache diary" and the Faces Pain Scale (Bieri 1990). · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Fibre showed no clear difference in improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.83 [0.92, 3.65]
2 studies · 136 participants
Low