Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

299 questions · 299 findings · 15 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 18 · 6%GRADE not reported 23 · 7.7%Very low 5 · 1.7%Low 56 · 18.7%Moderate 146 · 48.8%High 51 · 17.1%

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 387 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Cardiac output · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 310 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 303 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.2 [0.66, 2.17]
2 studies · 227 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 8 RCTs Total Participants: 9983 · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 9983 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Severe exacerbations ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 812(1 RCT)

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.45, 4.37]
1 study · 812 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3063(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.99, 1.19]
3 studies · 6 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 1916(2 RCTs)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.91, 1.35]
2 studies · 6 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2480(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.08]
2 studies · 6 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 4818(4 RCTs)

The intervention probably leads to higher ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [1.01, 1.14]
4 studies · 6 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of participants: 2821(3 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.95, 1.03]
3 studies · 6 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 7881(5 RCTs)

The intervention may leads to higher ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 7881(5… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [1.02, 1.15]
5 studies · 6 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2817(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD‐ICS/LABA vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.07]
2 studies · 12 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 2222(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.95, 1.07]
2 studies · 12 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 1088(1 RCT)

The intervention probably leads to higher ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [1.01, 1.15]
1 study · 12 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 1631(1 RCT)

The intervention showed no clear difference in ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ MD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.03]
1 study · 12 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Severe exacerbations ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 1727(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants:… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.45, 1.42]
2 studies · 1727 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of participants: 3982(3 RCTs)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs HD‐ICS/LABA№ of… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.99, 1.23]
3 studies · 12 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of participants: 1089(1 RCT)

The intervention probably leads to higher ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ HD TRIPLE vs MD TRIPLE№ of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [1.01, 1.16]
1 study · 12 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 6204(4 RCTs)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants:… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.99, 1.17]
4 studies · 12 participants
Very low