Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

92 questions · 93 findings · 12 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 15 · 16.1%GRADE not reported 11 · 11.8%Very low 43 · 46.2%Low 12 · 12.9%Moderate 12 · 12.9%High 0 · 0%

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs HIGH DOSE (> 800 mg/day ‐ all medium term)

Adverse effects: unspecified extrapyramidal symptoms · schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: unspecified extrapyramidal symptoms compared with HIGH DOSE (> 800 mg/day ‐ all medium term) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day)

Global state: needing additional medication (sedation with chloral hydrate or a barbiturate > 5 times) ‐ medium term · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: needing additional medication (sedation with chloral… compared with MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day)

Behaviour: agitation and restlessness ‐ medium term (categorised as adverse event) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) changes behaviour: agitation and restlessness ‐ medium term (categorised as… compared with MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day)

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: extrapyramidal symptoms (unspecified extrapyramidal… compared with MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs HIGH DOSE (> 800 mg/day ‐ all medium term)

Global state: No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies) · schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) probably leads to higher global state: no clinically important improvement ‐ medium term compared with HIGH DOSE (> 800 mg/day ‐ all medium term) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

α‐FLUPENTHIXOL vs PLACEBO or β‐FLUPENTHIXOL

Global state: clinically important change in global state needing additional medication ‐ chlorpromazine · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether α‐FLUPENTHIXOL changes global state: clinically important change in global state needing… compared with PLACEBO or β‐FLUPENTHIXOL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine

Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (EPSEs) · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (EPSEs) compared with chlorpromazine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs chlorpromazine

Tranquil or asleep: Not tranquil or asleep · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes tranquillisation or asleep Not tranquil or asleep compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs chlorpromazine

Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more than 1 injection · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more that 1 injection compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review