Dental erosion · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general community-dwelling population
Dental erosion was more prevalent in anorexia nervosa patients than controls (low erosive-wear severity), but was not pooled or graded (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general community-dwelling population
Anorexia nervosa patients tended to have higher plaque accumulation than healthy controls (significant in 2 of 3 studies), but results were not pooled or graded (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general community-dwelling population
Anorexia nervosa is associated with significantly higher caries experience (DMFT) than healthy controls (MD 2.00 teeth, 95% CI 0.87 to 3.13; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Regular toothbrushing usage (prevalence) · Children (<18 years) with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in India
About 91% of children with IDD in India use a toothbrush regularly (pooled prevalence 0.91, 95% CI 0.80-0.96; high heterogeneity; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in height-for-age z score · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
The association between baseline caries and declining height-for-age persisted after adjustment (coefficient -0.02); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Stunting · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)
One Nepalese cross-sectional study found caries severity significantly correlated with chronic malnutrition/stunting (HAZ; p<0.0001), especially in rural children; ungraded, no effect size reported.
3 findings from 1 review
Kaposi's sarcoma (WHO clinical stage 4) · Children or adolescents
No eligible studies reported Kaposi's sarcoma.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental development / dental age (mineralization chronology) · Children or adolescents
No significant overall difference in dental development between CLWH on ART and healthy controls (three studies, narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Recurrent oral ulcerations (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents
CLWH on ART had significantly higher prevalence of recurrent oral ulcerations than healthy controls (pooled OR 6.83, 95% CI 1.18 to 39.53).
1 finding from 1 review
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis (WHO clinical stage 3) · Children or adolescents
No eligible studies reported acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis.
1 finding from 1 review
Chronic herpes simplex infection (WHO clinical stage 4) · Children or adolescents
No eligible studies reported chronic herpes simplex infection.
1 finding from 1 review
Persistent parotid enlargement (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents
No significant difference in persistent parotid enlargement between groups (OR 10.36, 95% CI 0.53 to 201.45; single study, very imprecise).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years
Compomer had an annual failure rate of 0-14.7% (7 RCTs), comparable to amalgam/RMGIC/composite and better than high-viscosity GIC; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral hairy leukoplakia (WHO clinical stage 3) · Children or adolescents
No difference in oral hairy leukoplakia between groups (pooled OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.06 to 16.19); lesion essentially absent in both.
1 finding from 1 review
Angular cheilitis (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents
No significant difference in angular cheilitis prevalence between CLWH and healthy controls (pooled OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.16 to 23.65).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral candidiasis (WHO clinical stage 3) · Children or adolescents
CLWH on ART had markedly higher prevalence of oral candidiasis than healthy controls (pooled OR 16.94, 95% CI 5.06 to 56.70).
1 finding from 1 review
Linear gingival erythema (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents
No difference in linear gingival erythema between groups (pooled OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.06 to 16.19); the lesion was essentially absent in both groups.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Healthy children under 6 years of age (6 months to 6 years); preschool children
After excluding an extreme outlier (Alhabdan 2018), the association between low brushing frequency and ECC remained statistically significant (pooled OR approximately 2.0, p=0.003; I2=87.5%); the exact estimate and its CI were not reported; ungraded.
2 findings from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Treatment failure (time-to-failure, 7 years)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported
Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Children or adolescents
Gamified interventions appear to improve plaque control and oral hygiene status in children versus conventional methods, but the evidence is narrative and ungraded (individual-study P values only).
1 finding from 1 review