Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Global state: no improvement ‐ vs haloperidol ‐ medium term As defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

Benzodiazepines showed no clear difference in global state: no improvement ‐ vs haloperidol ‐ medium term As… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Global state: no improvement ‐ vs olanzapine ‐ medium term As defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes global state: no improvement ‐ vs olanzapine ‐ medium term As… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Global state: No clinically important overall improvement (as rated by individual trials) ‐ medium term ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders

The intervention may leads to lower global state: No clinically important overall improvement (as rated… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mental state: specific ‐ negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (SANS, high score = poor) medium term ( · People with schizophrenia and schizophrenia‐like disorders
1 finding from 1 review