What do systematic reviews say?

Dexketoprofen 10 mg‐12.5 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 373 participants
  High

Dexketoprofen 20 mg or 25 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1177 participants
  High

Dexketoprofen 20 mg or 25 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 281 participants
  Very low

Dexketoprofen 20 mg or 25 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 445 participants
  High

Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 188 participants
  Very low

Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 402 participants
  Moderate

Ketoprofen 50 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 594 participants
  High

Ketoprofen 50 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Very low

Ketoprofen 50 mg vs placebo

• Single dose oral ketoprofen or dexketoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 263 participants
  High

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple leads to lower primary anaesthesia failure compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.27 [0.19, 0.39]
  12 studies · 966 participants
  High

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.55, 1.03]
  7 studies · 716 participants
  High

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple leads to lower secondary analgesia failure ‐ tourniquet pain compared with double‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.33, 0.84]
  7 studies · 719 participants
  High

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple showed no clear difference in complete failure of block1 compared with double‐injection technique (low certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.24 [0.04, 1.41]
  9 studies · 630 participants
  Low

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 524 participants
  Moderate

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

Multiple showed no clear difference in intravascular injection compared with double‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.32, 1.49]
  7 studies · 676 participants
  Moderate

Multiple vs double‐injection technique

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 510 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher para/propacetamol vs placebo see footnote1 (high certainty).

• Single dose intravenous paracetamol or intravenous propacetamol for postoperative pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.53 [2.01, 3.19]
  11 studies · 1149 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher propacetamol vs placebo see footnote1 (low certainty).

• Single dose intravenous paracetamol or intravenous propacetamol for postoperative pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.4 [1.64, 3.5]
  6 studies · 611 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes para/propacetamol vs NSAIDs see footnote1 (very low certainty).

• Single dose intravenous paracetamol or intravenous propacetamol for postoperative pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.66, 0.95]
  5 studies · 355 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes paracetamol vs NSAIDs see footnote1 (very low certainty).

• Single dose intravenous paracetamol or intravenous propacetamol for postoperative pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.66, 1.02]
  3 studies · 212 participants
  Very low