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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) combined with recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (rFSH) vs rFSH alone Cancellation rate for imminent OHSS · women undergoing ovarian stimulation in IVF or ICSI treatment cycles Recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) for ovarian… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.4, 0.89] | 8 studies · 2976 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment Live birth or ongoing pregnancy (COCP + Ant vs Ant) · women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.58, 0.95] | 6 studies · 1335 participants | Moderate |
Progestogen vs placebo or no pretreatment Live birth or ongoing pregnancy (Prog + Ant vs Ant) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.18, 2.54] | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Progestogen vs placebo or no pretreatment Pregnancy loss (Prog + Ag vs Ag) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.26 [0.67, 7.55] | 2 studies · 222 participants | Low |
Progestogen vs placebo or no pretreatment Pregnancy loss (Prog + Ant vs Ant) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.36 [0.06, 2.09] | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Progestogen vs placebo or no pretreatment Multiple pregnancy rate (Prog + Ag vs Ag) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Progestogen vs placebo or no pretreatment Multiple pregnancy rate (Prog + Ant vs Ant) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.05 [0.06, 17.76] | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Progestogen vs placebo or no pretreatment OHSS rate (Prog + Ag vs Ag) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Progestogen vs placebo or no pretreatment OHSS rate (Prog + Ant vs Ant) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen vs no pretreatment Live birth or ongoing pregnancy (Oestr + Ant vs Ant) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.79 [0.53, 1.17] | 2 studies · 502 participants | Moderate |
Oestrogen vs no pretreatment Live birth or ongoing pregnancy (Oestr + Ant vs Ag) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.51, 1.5] | 2 studies · 242 participants | Very low |
Oestrogen vs no pretreatment Pregnancy loss (Oestr + Ant vs Ant) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.16 [0.02, 1.47] | 1 study · 49 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment Live birth or ongoing pregnancy (COCP + Ant vs Ag) · women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.64, 1.25] | 4 studies · 724 participants | Moderate |
Oestrogen vs no pretreatment Pregnancy loss (Oestr + Ant vs Ag) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.59 [0.62, 4.06] | 1 study · 220 participants | Very low |
Oestrogen vs no pretreatment Multiple pregnancy rate (Oestr + Ant vs Ant) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen vs no pretreatment Multiple pregnancy rate (Oestr + Ant vs Ag) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.24 [0.09, 53.59] | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Oestrogen vs no pretreatment OHSS rate (Oestr + Ant vs Ant) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oestrogen vs no pretreatment OHSS rate (Oestr + Ant vs Ag) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.54 [0.25, 9.42] | 1 study · 220 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment Pregnancy loss (COCP + Ant vs Ant) · women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.36 [0.82, 2.26] | 5 studies · 868 participants | Moderate |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment Pregnancy loss (COCP + Ant vs Ag) · women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.22, 0.72] | 5 studies · 780 participants | Moderate |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment Multiple pregnancy rate (COCP + Ant vs Ant) · women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.21 [0.53, 9.26] | 2 studies · 125 participants | Low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment Multiple pregnancy rate (COCP + Ant vs Ag) · women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.36 [0.85, 2.19] | 4 studies · 546 participants | Moderate |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment OHSS rate (COCP + Ant vs Ant) · women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.28, 3.4] | 2 studies · 642 participants | Low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment OHSS rate (COCP + Ant vs Ag) · women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.2, 1.96] | 2 studies · 290 participants | Low |
Progestogen vs placebo or no pretreatment Live birth or ongoing pregnancy (Prog + Ag vs Ag) · ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing ART Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.35 [0.69, 2.65] | 2 studies · 222 participants | Low |
Local anaesthetic vs placebo or no treatment Pain score during procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1496 participants | Low |
Oral NSAID vs placebo or no treatment Non pelvic pain · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.93 [0.12, 72.99] | 1 study · 181 participants | Very low |
Oral NSAID vs placebo or no treatment Allergic reaction · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.93 [0.12, 72.99] | 1 study · 181 participants | Very low |
Opioid vs placebo or no treatment Pain score during procedure: oral opioid · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 140 participants | Low |
Opioid vs placebo or no treatment Pain score during procedure: sublingual opioid · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 164 participants | Low |
Opioid vs placebo or no treatment Pain score within 30 min of procedure oral opioid · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 140 participants | Low |
Opioid vs placebo or no treatment Pain score more than 30 min after procedure oral opioid · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 140 participants | Very low |
Opioid vs placebo or no treatment Nausea and vomiting sublingual opioid · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | OR 107.55 [6.44, 1796.46] | 1 study · 164 participants | Low |
Intracervical vs combined intracervical and paracervical anaesthesia Pain score during procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Intracervical vs combined intracervical and paracervical anaesthesia Pain score within 30 minutes of the procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Intracervical vs combined intracervical and paracervical anaesthesia Pain score more than 30 minutes of the procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Local anaesthetic vs placebo or no treatment Pain score within 30 min of procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 545 participants | Low |
Intracervical vs combined intracervical and paracervical anaesthesia Adverse effects · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antispasmodic plus NSAID vs paracervical anaesthesia Pain score during procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Antispasmodic plus NSAID vs paracervical anaesthesia Pain score within 30 minutes of the procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antispasmodic plus NSAID vs paracervical anaesthesia Pain score more than 30 minutes after the procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Antispasmodic plus NSAID vs paracervical anaesthesia Adverse effects · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic vs placebo or no treatment Pain score more than 30 min after procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 450 participants | Low |
Local anaesthetic vs placebo or no treatment Vasovagal reaction · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.43, 1.13] | 8 studies · 1309 participants | Very low |
Local anaesthetic vs placebo or no treatment Non‐pelvic pain · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.76 [0.53, 5.8] | 1 study · 99 participants | Very low |
Oral NSAID vs placebo or no treatment Pain score during procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 521 participants | Low |
Oral NSAID vs placebo or no treatment Pain score within 30 min of procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 340 participants | Low |
Oral NSAID vs placebo or no treatment Pain score more than 30 min after procedure · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 321 participants | Low |
Oral NSAID vs placebo or no treatment Vasovagal reaction · women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy Pain relief for outpatient hysteroscopy (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.76 [0.2, 2.94] | 1 study · 181 participants | Very low |
Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist) Live birth per woman · for controlled ovarian stimulation Oral medications including clomiphene citrate or aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins for controlled… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.66, 1.27] | 4 studies · 493 participants | Low |