Intervention not reported
Log diagnostic odds ratio
1 finding from 1 review
Femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on femoral neck BMD.
1 finding from 1 review
Femur fracture · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on fracture of femur (multivariable MR, OR 1.034).
2 findings from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Sensitivity (trim-and-fill adjusted for publication bias)
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture
The intervention led to higher postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.401 [1.040, 1.887]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Osteoporosis · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on osteoporosis (multivariable MR, OR 1.000).
2 findings from 1 review
Femur fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.024 [0.960, 1.093]
489106 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Log diagnostic odds ratio
1 finding from 1 review
Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.012 [0.858, 1.193]
281786 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Sensitivity
1 finding from 1 review
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) · Humans who use e-cigarettes (mostly adults, often with periodontal disease) assessed for oral proinflammatory markers
Meta-analysis suggests no significant effect of e-cigarette use on the salivary level of Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (7 studies), though heterogeneity was high (I2=95%) and the pooled estimate appears only in Figure 3E (unavailable); GCF data were limited (2 study(ies)) (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants
The MVMR MR-Egger interval included the null.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.002 [0.867, 1.158]
376746 participants
GRADE not reported
Bone mineral density in forearm · European-ancestry adults
Genetically predicted periodontitis had no causal effect on forearm BMD.
1 finding from 1 review
Proposed inhibition of S. mutans adhesion to tooth surface (mechanism; direct adherence endpoint confirmed only in Ahn 2018) · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro
Postbiotics inhibit S. mutans adhesion to tooth surfaces in vitro (ungraded narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Combined salivary IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels · People who use electronic cigarettes
The review suggests that vaping does not affect the four combined salivary proinflammatory markers.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Specificity
1 finding from 1 review
Combined salivary IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels · Humans who use e-cigarettes (mostly adults, often with periodontal disease) assessed for oral proinflammatory markers
Combining all four salivary cytokines, the meta-analysis found no effect of e-cigarette use on salivary proinflammatory marker levels (low between-marker heterogeneity, I2=31%); the pooled estimate appears only in Figure 3F (unavailable) and is ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Increased salivary IgA · children aged 6‐12 years
Postbiotics increase salivary IgA (immune modulation) in human trials (ungraded narrative synthesis).
1 finding from 1 review
Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation · Cariogenic bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans reference strains) and oral biofilms in vitro
No meta-analysis was conducted; the narrative synthesis reported inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation.
1 finding from 1 review
DMFT/DMFS score · People who use electronic cigarettes
The review reports that the effect of vaping on dental caries remains unclear.
1 finding from 1 review