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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Gregson 2007 · Communities and health centres Strategies for integrating primary health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries at the point of… (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Incident pregnancies occurring during a one year · Facilities providing primary health services Strategies for integrating primary health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries at the point of… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 | 251 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Change in % of women accepting family planning methods · Facilities providing primary health services Strategies for integrating primary health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries at the point of… (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Patients offered HIV testing in STI clinics1 Â · Facilities providing primary health services Strategies for integrating primary health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries at the point of… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 | 9080 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Patients who received HIV testing in STI clinics1 Â · Facilities providing primary health services Strategies for integrating primary health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries at the point of… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 | 9080 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR New adult TB patients received HIV counselling in TB clinics2 · Facilities providing primary health services Strategies for integrating primary health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries at the point of… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 2.69 | 754 participants | High |
Intervention NR New adult TB patients received HIV testing in TB clinics2 · Facilities providing primary health services Strategies for integrating primary health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries at the point of… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 3.12 | 754 participants | High |
Intervention NR Leon 2010 2. Pope 2008 · Facilities providing primary health services Strategies for integrating primary health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries at the point of… (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Change in mood Lubin's Depression Adjective Checklist Form E. Scale from: 0 (better) to 34 (worse). · healthcare personnel The psychological effects of the physical healthcare environment on healthcare personnel (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Satisfaction with physical environment ‐ not reported · healthcare personnel The psychological effects of the physical healthcare environment on healthcare personnel (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in unscheduled absences hours per staff person per month · healthcare personnel The psychological effects of the physical healthcare environment on healthcare personnel (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Supervision vs no supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Providers practice · providers Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 134 participants | Low |
'Less intense' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care New clients gained by community‐based posts (number per quarter) Daily log completed by the supervisor reporting activities of providers · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 247 participants | Low |
'Less intense' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Average number of revisits per quarter (health‐facility‐based posts) Daily log completed by the supervisor reporting activities of providers · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 247 participants | Low |
'Less intense' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Average number of revisits per quarter (community‐based posts) Daily log completed by the supervisor reporting activities of providers · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 247 participants | Low |
Supervision vs no supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Providers knowledge · providers Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Supervision vs no supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Drug supply · providers Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Functional status of community health agents (Ayele 1993) · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Overall performance score midwives (Loevinsohn 1995) Scale from: 0 to 60. · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 112 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Children receiving recommended or adequate care (Rowe 2009) · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 1 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Health worker job satisfaction (Sennun 2006) Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 165. · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 6 participants | Very low |
'Enhanced' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care Clients satisfaction (Sennun 2006) Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 90. · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 390 participants | Very low |
'Less intense' vs routine supervision to improve the quality of primary health care New clients gained by health facility based posts (number per quarter) Daily log completed by the supervisor reporting activities of providers · providers and users Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 247 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Yearly number of Philippine nurses migrating to the USA · Nurses in The Philippines Interventions to reduce emigration of health care professionals from low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Health utilisation ‐ preventive care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Health utilisation ‐ curative care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Equity outcome ‐ health utilisation by quartile · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Health utilisation ‐ curative care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Health utilisation ‐ preventive care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Health service utilisation ‐ preventive care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Health service utilisation ‐ curative care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Health service utilisation ‐ curative and preventive care · Anyone using any type of health service in low‐ and middle‐income countries The impact of user fees on access to health services in low‐ and middle‐income countries (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
LHWs to promote immunisation uptake in children vs usual care Immunisation schedule up to date Interviews with mothers, record reviews · patients with improving immunisation uptake among children < 2 years whose vaccination is not up to date Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [1.1, 1.37] | 4 studies · 3568 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Completed preventive therapy with Isoniazid ‐ LHW supported self‐supervision or DOT compared with self‐supervision · patients with tuberculosis (TB) treatment Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.92, 1.09] | 2 studies · 595 participants | Moderate |
LHW support vs conventional support or care Initiation of breastfeeding Self‐report · patients with breastfeeding Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [1.14, 1.61] | 12 studies · 17159 participants | Moderate |
LHW support vs conventional support or care Any breastfeeding Self‐report · patients with breastfeeding Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [1.1, 1.39] | 12 studies · 8104 participants | Moderate |
LHW support vs conventional support or care Exclusive breastfeeding Self‐report · patients with breastfeeding Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 2.78 [1.74, 4.44] | 10 studies · 4334 participants | Moderate |
LHWs vs usual care Mortality among children less than 5 years Verbal autopsy · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.55, 1.03] | 3 studies · 56378 participants | Low |
LHWs vs usual care Morbidity e.g. fever, diarrhoea, ARI Verbal reports obtained during home visits, record reviews · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.75, 0.99] | 7 studies · 17408 participants | Low |
LHWs vs usual care Neonatal Mortality verbal autopsy · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.57, 1.02] | 4 studies · 29217 participants | Low |
LHWs vs usual care Morbidity ‐ care seeking practice hospital record review · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.86, 2.05] | 3 studies · 11195 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cure for smear positive TB patients (new and retreatment) Sputum smear test · patients with tuberculosis (TB) treatment Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of… (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [1.13, 1.31] | 4 studies · 1203 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All process outcomes · Physicians (any specialty) The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 114 studies · 935 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Prescription of medications · Physicians (any specialty) The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 64 studies · 276 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Prescription of recommended vaccines · Physicians (any specialty) The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 30 studies · 212 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Test ordering · Physicians (any specialty) The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 studies · 539 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Elements of recommended documentation · Physicians (any specialty) The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 66 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Other process outcomes · Physicians (any specialty) The effects of on‐screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 32 studies · 300 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Health services utilisation The impact of conditional cash transfers on health outcomes and use of health services in low and middle… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Immunisationcoverage The impact of conditional cash transfers on health outcomes and use of health services in low and middle… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |