Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Neonatal death (baby born alive at any gestation and dies within 28 days) · infants born of women at risk of preterm birth

Neonatal and child outcomes: corticosteroids leads to lower neonatal death (infants born with signs of life who die within the… compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Respiratory distress syndrome · infants born of women at risk of preterm birth

Neonatal and child outcomes: corticosteroids leads to lower respiratory distress syndrome№ of participants: 11,183(26 RCTs) compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Intraventricular haemorrhage · infants born of women at risk of preterm birth

Neonatal and child outcomes: corticosteroids probably leads to lower intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)№ of participants: 8475(12 RCTs) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Developmental delay in childhood№ of participants: 600 (3 RCTs). Age at · infants born of women at risk of preterm birth

Neonatal and child outcomes: corticosteroids probably leads to lower developmental delay in childhood№ of participants: 600 (3 RCTs). Age… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency) Complete recovery: no leg cramps after treatment · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency)… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Side effects (any reported throughout the intervention period) (ALL) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

Oral magnesium showed no clear difference in side effects ‐ any compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral calcium vs no treatment

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Oral calcium vs vitamin C

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with oral vitamin C (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

Oral magnesium may leads to higher frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review