Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving study early: any reason compared with OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) compared with QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months)

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB scale) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB… compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects. 1. Movement disorders ‐ any extrapyramidal compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early ‒ any reason compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE vs piperacetazine

Global state: clinically important change in global state · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether chlorpromazine changes global state: clinically important change ‐ as defined by each of… compared with piperacetazine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE vs piperacetazine

Adverse effects/events: incidence of adverse effects ‐ as defined by each of the studies · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether chlorpromazine changes adverse effects/events: incidence of adverse effects ‐ as defined by… compared with piperacetazine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review