Self‐reported distress · children aged 3‐18 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing immunization, intravenous…
1 finding from 1 review
Observer‐reported pain · children aged 3‐18 years with mixed medical (acute or chronic illness) or generally healthy undergoing immunization, intravenous…
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic pain
1 finding from 1 review
Disability (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using self‐reported disability/pain interference scales · adults with chronic pain
1 finding from 1 review
QoL · adults with chronic pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic pain
1 finding from 1 review
Disability (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using self‐reported disability/pain interference scales · adults with chronic pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
QoL · adults with chronic pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic pain
It is very uncertain whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) changes pain intensity (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using… compared with sham (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Disability (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using self‐reported disability/pain interference scales · adults with chronic pain
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using different scales across studies · adults with chronic pain
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · patients with fibromyalgia
Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors may leads to higher self‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · patients with fibromyalgia
Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors may leads to higher patient Global Impression to be much or very much improved (PGIC) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fatigue · patients with fibromyalgia
Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors showed no clear difference in self‐reported fatigue (20‐100 scale) Higher scores indicate higher… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported sleep problems (scale: 0 to 28; higher scores indicate more sleep problems) · patients with fibromyalgia
Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors showed no clear difference in self‐reported sleep problems (0‐100 scale) Higher scores indicate… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Self‐reported health‐related quality of life (0‐100 scale) Higher scores indicate higher burden of disease (lower quality of life) · patients with fibromyalgia
Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors showed no clear difference in self‐reported health‐related quality of life (0‐100 scale) Higher… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with fibromyalgia
Serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors may leads to higher tolerability (withdrawal due to adverse events) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Safety Any serious adverse event · patients with fibromyalgia
It is very uncertain whether serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors changes safety (serious adverse events) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · adults with fibromyalgia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults with fibromyalgia
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low