Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

720 questions · 751 findings · 105 reviews

No studies found 193 · 25.7%GRADE not reported 37 · 4.9%Very low 212 · 28.2%Low 193 · 25.7%Moderate 99 · 13.2%High 17 · 2.3%

Lidocaine vs placebo

Incidence of pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Lidocaine may leads to lower pain ‐ lidocaine compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs placebo

Pain ‐ remifentanil · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Remifentanil may leads to lower pain ‐ remifentanil compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of pharmacological intervention vs control

Breath holding · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

It is very uncertain whether adverse effects of pharmacological intervention changes breath holding compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of pharmacological intervention vs control

Chest tightness · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

It is very uncertain whether adverse effects of pharmacological intervention changes chest tightness compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of pharmacological intervention vs control

Cough · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Adverse effects of pharmacological intervention may leads to higher cough compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate vs band ligation

Mortality Total of deaths and the end of · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate changes mortality Total of deaths and the end of compared with band ligation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate 1 mL vs cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL

Re‐bleeding Bleeding after initial success in the intervention · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate 1 mL changes re‐bleeding Bleeding after initial success in the intervention compared with cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review