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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders

current versions
No studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Individual psychological therapy vs a control therapy
Recovery not achieved according to Morgan and Russell narrow categories or similar ‐ IPT versus SSCM at end of treatment periods · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
RR 2.07 [1.17, 3.67]1 study · 37 participantsVery low
Individual psychological therapy vs another individual psychological therapy
Weight · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 200 participantsLow
Individual psychological therapy vs another individual psychological therapy
Weight · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 46 participantsVery low
Individual psychological therapy vs another individual psychological therapy
Recovery not achieved according to Morgan and Russell narrow categories or similar ‐ CBT versus IPT or FPDT at end of treatment periods · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
RR 0.8 [0.59, 1.08]2 studies · 156 participantsLow
Individual psychological therapy vs another individual psychological therapy
Recovery not achieved according to Morgan and Russell narrow categories or similar ‐ Cognitive orientation therapy (COT) versus self psychology (SP) both with nutritional counselling) at end of treatment periods · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
RR 2.97 [1.04, 8.48]1 study · 13 participantsVery low
Individual psychological therapy vs treatment
Recovery not achieved according to Morgan and Russell narrow categories or similar at end of 1 year FPT treatment ‐ FPT versus TAU · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
RR 0.7 [0.51, 0.97]1 study · 40 participantsVery low
Individual psychological therapy vs treatment
Recovery not achieved according to Morgan and Russell narrow categories or similar at end of 1 year · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
RR 0.78 [0.61, 1]2 studies · 71 participantsVery low
Individual psychological therapy vs a control therapy
Weight · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 197 participantsLow
Individual psychological therapy vs a control therapy
Weight · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 35 participantsVery low
Individual psychological therapy vs a control therapy
Weight · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 71 participantsVery low
Individual psychological therapy vs a control therapy
Weight · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 162 participantsLow
Individual psychological therapy vs a control therapy
Weight · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 37 participantsVery low
Individual psychological therapy vs a control therapy
Recovery according to Morgan and Russell narrow categories or similar ‐ CBT versus SSCM (Global outcome rated 3 or 4) at end of treatment periods · Adults and older adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Individual psychological therapy in the outpatient treatment of adults with anorexia nervosa (2015) · Cochrane
RR 1.56 [0.83, 2.95]1 study · 37 participantsVery low
CBT vs wait‐list
Remission of anxiety diagnoses (ITT analysis) i.e. no longer meeting criteria for DSM or ICD anxiety diagnosis at the end of the trial. · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
OR 7.85 [5.31, 11.6]26 studies · 1350 participantsModerate
CBT vs wait‐list
Participants lost to · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
OR 0.94 [0.58, 1.51]26 studies · 1297 participantsLow
CBT vs wait‐list
Reduction in anxiety symptoms at the end of the trial · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted30 studies · 1394 participantsLow
CBT vs wait‐list
Remission of anxiety diagnoses: long‐term · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
OR 3.22 [0.96, 10.75]3 studies · 124 participantsLow
CBT vs wait‐list
Reduction in anxiety symptoms: long‐term · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 186 participantsLow
CBT vs active controls
Remission of anxiety diagnoses (ITT) analysis i.e. no longer meeting criteria for DSM or ICD anxiety diagnosis at the end of the trial. · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
OR 1.51 [0.77, 2.96]6 studies · 426 participantsModerate
CBT vs active controls
Reduction in anxiety symptoms at the end of the trial · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted8 studies · 411 participantsModerate
CBT vs treatment
Remission of anxiety diagnoses (ITT analysis) i.e. no longer meeting criteria for DSM or ICD anxiety diagnosis at the end of the trial. · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
OR 0.53 [0.23, 1.25]2 studies · 88 participantsModerate
CBT vs treatment
Reduction of anxiety symptoms at the end of the trial · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 98 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Prevalence of psychological trauma (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) Measured by various scales ‐ Impact of Event Scale (IES), MINI‐PTSD · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered
Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) Measured by various scales ‐ EPDS, HADS · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered
Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Prevalence of anxiety (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) Measured by HADS · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered
Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Prevalence of fear of childbirth (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered
Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Prevalence of general psychological morbidity (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered
Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Health service utilization (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered
Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Attrition from treatment (short term: up to 3 months postpartum) · Women of any age who had given birth within one month of the intervention being offered
Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Paroxetine vs placebo
Treatment responseCGI‐I · people with anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders (2015) · Cochrane
RR 2.23 [1.13, 4.41]2 studies · 57 participantsVery low
Paroxetine vs placebo
Symptom severity reductionLSAS · people with anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 44 participantsVery low
Paroxetine vs placebo
Treatment acceptability · people with anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders (2015) · Cochrane
RR 3.29 [0.14, 76.33]2 studies · 57 participantsVery low
Paroxetine vs placebo
Proportion heavy drinking days · people with anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Paroxetine vs placebo
Proportion of days abstinent · people with anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 54 participantsVery low
Paroxetine vs placebo
Drinks per drinking day · people with anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 54 participantsVery low
Paroxetine vs placebo
Depression symptom reduction · people with anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 15 participantsVery low
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Treatment efficacy: treatment responders As assessed per study · Adults with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
RR 1.1 [0.89, 1.34]9 studies · 449 participantsLow
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
In remission As assessed per study · Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
RR 1.19 [0.66, 2.16]2 studies · 44 participantsLow
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by Y‐BOCS3 (scale from 0 to 40, better indicated by a lower score) · Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 131 participantsVery low
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Co‐morbid symptoms of depression As assessed by CDI5 (scale from 0 to 54, better indicated by a lower score) · Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 114 participantsVery low
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Co‐morbid anxiety symptoms As assessed by each study · Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 104 participantsVery low
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Quality of life · Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Treatment acceptability: withdrawals from treatment · Adults with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
RR 0.88 [0.61, 1.25]16 studies · 740 participantsModerate
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
In remission As assessed per study · Adults with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
RR 1.16 [0.79, 1.71]5 studies · 292 participantsModerate
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by LSAS5 (scale from: 0 to 144, better indicated by a lower score. 55 to 65 points = moderate social anxiety disorder (Liebowitz 1987)) · Adults with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted17 studies · 735 participantsModerate
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Co‐morbid symptoms of depression As assessed by BDI‐II7 (scale from: 0 to 63, better indicated by a lower score) · Adults with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted5 studies · 178 participantsModerate
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Co‐morbid anxiety symptoms As assessed by BAI9 (scale from: 0 to 63, better indicated by a lower score. 8 to 15 points = mild anxiety, 16 to 25 points = moderate anxiety (Beck 1993)) · Adults with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 122 participantsLow
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Quality of life Assessed by LIS (scale from: 0 to 48, better indicated by a lower score) · Adults with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 56 participantsVery low
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Treatment efficacy: treatment responders As assessed per study · Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
RR 1.01 [0.78, 1.31]4 studies · 121 participantsLow
DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies
Treatment acceptability: withdrawals from treatment · Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Augmentation of cognitive and behavioural therapies (CBT) with d‐cycloserine for anxiety and related disorders (2015) · Cochrane
RR 0.9 [0.17, 4.69]4 studies · 131 participantsVery low