Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,100 questions · 1,164 findings · 107 reviews

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No studies found 280 · 24.1%GRADE not reported 159 · 13.7%Very low 292 · 25.1%Low 274 · 23.5%Moderate 113 · 9.7%High 46 · 4%

Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) vs normal diet

Serum phosphorus · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 279 participants
Very low

Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) vs normal diet

All‐cause mortality · people with CKD‐MBD

Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) showed no clear difference in mortality compared with normal diet (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.82]
1 study · 279 participants
Moderate

Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) vs normal diet

Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low phosphorus intake (avoiding food additives) vs normal diet

Fracture · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo

Serum phosphorus · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo

FGF‐23 · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo

PTH · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo

All‐cause mortality · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo

Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low phosphorus intake plus placebo vs ad libitum diet plus placebo

Fracture · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate

Serum phosphorus · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate

FGF‐23 · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate

PTH · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate

All‐cause mortality · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate

Cardiovascular events · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low phosphorus intake plus lanthanum carbonate vs ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate

Fracture · people with CKD‐MBD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very low vs low protein diet

Serum phosphorus · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 41 participants
Very low

Very low vs low protein diet

PTH · people with CKD‐MBD

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 41 participants
Very low

High-intensity sweeteners other than stevia (aspartame, sucralose, saccharin) in food products vs Any comparator (dietary sugar, no treatment, or other sweetener)

Effects of non-stevia high-intensity sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose, saccharin) on cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque or saliva · healthy people

No eligible studies evaluated high-intensity sweeteners such as aspartame, sucralose, or saccharin for their effect on cariogenic bacteria.

1 finding from 1 review

Clinical Effects of Sugar Substitutes on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes
Not reported (no eligible studies)
No studies on high-intensity sweeteners such as sucralose, saccharin, or aspartame were found; the review located no eligible trials of these sweeteners on cariogenic bacteria.
0 studies
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Incidence of pressure ulcers · inpatients who are mildly or seriously malnourished or at risk of being malnourished, elderly patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients showed no clear difference in incidence of pressure ulcers compared with standard diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.71, 1.19]
3 studies · 1634 participants
Low