Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,127 questions · 1,590 findings · 132 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 189 · 11.9%GRADE not reported 1,166 · 73.3%Very low 130 · 8.2%Low 69 · 4.3%Moderate 25 · 1.6%High 11 · 0.7%

Alvogyl vs SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel)

Pain (VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Alvogyl versus SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel) (Kaya 2011): data not usable (medians presented with error bars). Text reports differences in clinical signs and symptoms between control and all 3 treatment groups…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Neocone vs Alvogyl

Mean time to resolution of pain · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Neocone led to lower time to complete resolution of pain (days) compared with alvogyl; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Complete resolution of pain
MD -1.62 [-1.86, -1.38]
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported

Alvogyl vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Mean time to resolution of pain · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Alvogyl led to lower time to complete resolution of pain (days) compared with zinc oxide eugenol; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Complete resolution of pain
MD -2.17 [-2.37, -1.97]
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride-containing dental care products (mainly fluoride toothpaste) vs Dietary fluoride sources in low-fluoridated areas

Contribution to total daily fluoride intake · children

For children in low-fluoridated areas, the mean contribution was 39% (SD 24%).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. 2022 All outcomes
Multiple countries · Low fluoride in water (0.3-0.51 mg/L)
Mean percentage contribution 39
7 studies
GRADE not reported

Caries in first and second primary molars vs Reference (other primary tooth locations / caries-free)

Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Caries in the first and second primary molars is the strongest tooth-specific predictor of caries in permanent teeth (RR 3.4; single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and… 2022 All outcomes
8-year follow-up · Cohort study, China (Li & Wang 2002) · First and second primary molars
RR 3.4 [1.8, 6.1]
1 study · 362 participants
GRADE not reported

Primary dentition DMFT score 1-3 vs No caries in primary teeth (DMFT = 0)

Caries prevalence in permanent dentition · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

A primary-dentition DMFT of 1-3 is associated with 1.5 times higher risk of caries in permanent teeth (single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and… 2022 All outcomes
7-year follow-up · Cohort study, China (Du 2017) · Primary DMFT 1-3
RR 1.5 [1.3, 1.8]
1 study · 1683 participants
GRADE not reported

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Alvogyl (old formulation)

Success rate (radiographically‐assessed healing of cyst healing based on the Neer/Cole rating system) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Healing: 2 studies (Faizel 2015; Supe 2018) used different healing outcomes and could not be combined; Alvogyl appeared to heal faster than zinc oxide eugenol. Supe 2018: delayed (non-healed after 10 days) 2/25 Alvogyl…
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Alvogyl vs Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)

Pain · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Alvogyl versus platelet rich fibrin (Keshini 2020): single study (30 participants); no usable pooled estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported

Metronidazole (intrasocket) vs placebo

Duration of treatment (days) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Metronidazole (intrasocket) led to lower duration of treatment (days) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -3.17 [-5.30, -1.04]
1 study · 55 participants
GRADE not reported

Dentinal caries in primary dentition (at 5 years) vs Caries-free primary dentition

Dentinal caries in permanent (newly erupted) teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Dentinal caries in the primary dentition is associated with about 3.2 times higher odds of dentinal caries in permanent teeth (single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and… 2022 All outcomes
7-year follow-up · Cohort study, Norway (Saethre-Sundli 2020) · Dentinal caries in primary dentition
OR 3.2 [2.6, 3.9]
1 study · 3282 participants
GRADE not reported

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) vs Alvogyl

Pain (VAS cm) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) showed no clear difference in pain (VAS cm) compared with alvogyl; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Day 7 (also day 3)
MD -0.40 [-1.77, 0.97]
1 study · 44 participants
GRADE not reported

Neocone vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Time to initial pain relief (minutes) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Neocone led to lower time to initial pain relief (minutes) compared with zinc oxide eugenol; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Initial pain relief
MD -7.77 [-8.86, -6.68]
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported

Alvogyl vs no treatment

Pain (VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Alvogyl versus No treatment (Kaya 2011): data not usable (medians presented with error bars). Text reports differences in clinical signs and symptoms between control and all 3 treatment groups significant (P<0.05) at…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Primary dentition DMFT score over 13 vs No caries in primary teeth (DMFT = 0)

Caries prevalence in permanent dentition · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

A primary-dentition DMFT over 13 is associated with about 15 times higher risk of caries in permanent teeth (single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and… 2022 All outcomes
7-year follow-up · Cohort study, China (Du 2017) · Primary DMFT over 13
RR 15.2 [7.5, 30.8]
1 study · 1683 participants
GRADE not reported

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Alvogyl (old formulation)

Pain (VAS 0-10) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

It is very uncertain whether zinc oxide eugenol changes pain (VAS 0-10) compared with alvogyl (old formulation) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Day 7
MD 1.40 [1.04, 1.75]
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Fluoride-containing dental care products (mainly fluoride toothpaste) vs Dietary fluoride sources in low-fluoridated areas

Contribution to total daily fluoride intake · adults

For adults in low-fluoridated areas, the mean contribution was 95%.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. 2022 All outcomes
Multiple countries · Low fluoride in water (0.3-0.51 mg/L)
Mean percentage contribution 95
1 study
GRADE not reported

Neocone vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Mean time to resolution of pain · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Neocone led to lower time to complete resolution of pain (days) compared with zinc oxide eugenol; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Complete resolution of pain
MD -3.79 [-4.04, -3.54]
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported

Topical anaesthetic gel (prilocaine-lidocaine) vs Eugenol

Pain at 48 hours (VAS 0-10) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Topical anaesthetic gel (prilocaine-lidocaine) showed no clear difference in pain at 48 hours (VAS 0-10) compared with eugenol; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
48 hours
MD -0.20 [-1.87, 1.47]
1 study · 35 participants
GRADE not reported

Caries in upper primary incisors vs Reference (other primary tooth locations / caries-free)

Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Caries in upper primary incisors has the lowest tooth-specific predictive value for permanent-teeth caries (RR 1.6; single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and… 2022 All outcomes
8-year follow-up · Cohort study, China (Li & Wang 2002) · Upper incisors
RR 1.6 [1.07, 2.45]
1 study · 362 participants
GRADE not reported

Early childhood caries (ECC) vs Caries-free primary dentition

Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Early childhood caries increases the likelihood of caries in permanent teeth roughly three-fold, but the certainty of evidence is very low (OR 3.22, 95% CI 2.80 to 3.71).

1 finding from 1 review

Does Early Childhood Caries Increase Caries Development among School Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and… 2022 All outcomes
At least 24 months follow-up (3-12 years) · School/community-based cohort studies (USA, China, Norway)
OR 3.22 [2.80, 3.71]
3 studies · 5080 participants
Very low