Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

660 questions · 679 findings · 99 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 160 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 17 · 2.5%Very low 199 · 29.3%Low 189 · 27.8%Moderate 97 · 14.3%High 17 · 2.5%

Cyanoacrylate 1 mL vs cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL

Control of bleeding Success in control the active variceal bleeding · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate 1 mL changes control of bleeding Success in control the active variceal bleeding compared with cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate vs alcohol

Re‐bleeding Re‐bleeding after intervention · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate changes re‐bleeding Re‐bleeding after intervention compared with alcohol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate vs alcohol

Control of bleeding Success in control the active variceal bleeding · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate changes control of bleeding Success in controlling the active variceal… compared with alcohol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate vs band ligation

Failure of intervention Continuous variceal bleeding after intervention · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate changes failure of intervention Continuous variceal bleeding after… compared with band ligation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate vs band ligation

Re‐bleeding Re‐bleeding after the bleeding was controlled in the first intervention · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

Cyanoacrylate may leads to lower re‐bleeding Re‐bleeding after the bleeding was controlled in the… compared with band ligation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate vs band ligation

Complications (general) Number of total complications · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate changes complications (general) Number of total complications compared with band ligation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate vs band ligation

Control of bleeding Success in control the active variceal bleeding · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate changes control of bleeding Success in control variceal bleeding compared with band ligation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate 1 mL vs cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL

Total mortality Total deaths and the end of · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate 1 mL changes total mortality Total deaths and the end of compared with cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate 1 mL vs cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL

day ‐ mortality Mortality due to bleeding · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate 1 mL changes day ‐ mortality Mortality due to bleeding compared with cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate 1 mL vs cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL

Failure of intervention Continuous bleeding after intervention · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate 1 mL changes failure of intervention Continuous bleeding after intervention compared with cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyanoacrylate 1 mL vs cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL

Complications (fever) Presence of fever · acute bleeding gastric varices in people with portal hypertension

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate 1 mL changes complications (fever) Presence of fever compared with cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Recurrent and persistent bleeding overall rates with or without second‐look endoscopy Rebleeding (persistent or recurrent bleeding) · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to lower recurrent and persistent bleeding overall rates with or without… compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Surgery rate Number requiring emergency surgery · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to lower surgery rate Number requiring emergency surgery compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Mortality rate Number of deaths (30‐day mortality or in‐hospital mortality) · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to lower mortality rate Number of deaths (30‐day mortality or in‐hospital… compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epinephrine vs epinephrine and any second endoscopic method

Adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects · patients with high‐risk bleeding ulcers

Epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects of endoscopy therapy Adverse effects compared with epinephrine and any second endoscopic method (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review