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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,353 questions in 210 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 18.4%Ungraded 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs another fish oil LE Conjugated bilirubin levels – MOFS‐LE vs MFS‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) Growth rate – MS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) Growth rate – OS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 123 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) PNALD/cholestasis (any definition) – OS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.26, 3.86] | 4 studies · 261 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) PNALD/cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin ≥ 2 mg/dL) – OS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.15, 6.82] | 2 studies · 159 participants | Low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE PNALD/cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin ≥ 2 mg/dL) – all fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE (combined subgroups) · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.24, 1.56] | 4 studies · 328 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) Death before discharge – OS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.21, 4.82] | 3 studies · 224 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) Death before discharge – MS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) Any ROP – OS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.67, 1.43] | 3 studies · 142 participants | Very low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) Any BPD – OS‐LE vs S‐LE (sensitivity analysis) · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.57, 1.79] | 3 studies · 197 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) Culture‐positive sepsis – OS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.54, 2.78] | 2 studies · 164 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs soybean oil‐based LE (S‐LE) Conjugated bilirubin levels – OS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 310 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs another alternative‐LE Growth rate – MS‐LE vs OS‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs another alternative‐LE PNALD/cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin ≥ 2 mg/dL) – MS‐LE vs OS‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.9 [0.12, 68.5] | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs another alternative‐LE Death before discharge – MS‐LE vs OS‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs another alternative‐LE CLD (oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age) – MS‐LE vs OS‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.23, 2.6] | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE PNALD/cholestasis (any definition: low and unclear risk of bias studies) – all fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.53, 1.21] | 10 studies · 1024 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs another alternative‐LE Any sepsis (clinical or culture positive (or both)) – MS‐LE vs OS‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.93 [0.65, 5.73] | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs another alternative‐LE Conjugated bilirubin levels – MS‐LE vs OS‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE PNALD/cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin ≥ 2 mg/dL) – pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.08, 15.28] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Death before discharge – pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Ungraded |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Culture‐positive sepsis – pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.39, 3.19] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Conjugated bilirubin levels – pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Neurodevelopmental outcomes (6 months) – pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Neurodevelopmental outcomes (24 months) – pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Resolution of PNALD/ cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin < 2 mg/dL) Pure F‐LE vs Intralipid · parenterally fed preterm infants with cholestasis Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 5.6 [0.34, 93.35] | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE PNALD/ cholestasis (any definition) MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with cholestasis Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.32, 0.91] | 2 studies · 40 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE PNALD/cholestasis (any definition): combined subgroups (all studies) – all fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.43, 0.91] | 11 studies · 1154 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Growth rate Pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with cholestasis Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Head growth velocity Pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with cholestasis Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Death before discharge – MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE – Pure F‐LE vs IL · parenterally fed preterm infants with cholestasis Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 1.87] | 2 studies · 40 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Any sepsis – MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE – Pure F‐LE vs IL · parenterally fed preterm infants with cholestasis Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.5, 2.92] | 2 studies · 40 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Conjugated bilirubin levels – MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants with cholestasis Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Death before discharge – MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.81, 1.9] | 9 studies · 855 participants | Low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE ROP ≥ stage 3 or requiring surgery – all fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.55, 1.16] | 7 studies · 731 participants | Very low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE CLD (oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age) – MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.75, 1.34] | 6 studies · 581 participants | Low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Culture‐positive sepsis – fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.91, 1.48] | 7 studies · 774 participants | Low |
Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs non‐fish oil LE Conjugated bilirubin levels – MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 673 participants | Low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE PNALD/cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin ≥ 2 mg/dL) Pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.08, 15.28] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Resolution of PNALD/cholestasis (conjugated bilirubin less than2 mg/dL) Pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 5.6 [0.34, 93.35] | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Growth rate (g/week) Pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Any sepsis (clinical or culture positive (or both)) MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE Pure F‐LE vs S‐LE · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.5, 2.92] | 2 studies · 40 participants | Very low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Hypertriglyceridaemia · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.3, 2.09] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Conjugated bilirubin levels · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE ALP levels (IU/L) · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Rate of change of conjugated bilirubin · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Death before discharge · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 1.87] | 2 studies · 40 participants | Very low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE PNALD/cholestasis (any definition) · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.38, 3.76] | 2 studies · 68 participants | Low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Culture‐positive sepsis · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.47, 2.34] | 2 studies · 51 participants | Very low |
Fish oil LE vs non‐fish oil LE Hypertriglyceridaemia (definitions varied from > 250 mg/dL to > 300 mg/dL) · parenterally fed term and late preterm infants with surgical conditions Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 68 participants | Ungraded |