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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

Any field or review title

Field or topic

Source

Review versions

2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders

current versions

No studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Summary of findings: ECM vs NECT plus cimetidine Pulmonary exacerbations · adults with cystic fibrosis Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Summary of findings: ECM vs ECT Change in weight (kg) · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane	MD 0.32	2 studies · 41 participants	Very low
Summary of findings: ECM vs ECT Change in height · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Participant‐reported · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Inattention · children with ADHD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 57 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Hyperactivity · children with ADHD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 57 participants	Low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Investigator‐reported · children with ADHD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Change in visual‐motoric coordination and concentration score · children with ADHD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 57 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo All‐cause mortality · children with ADHD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Serious adverse events · children with ADHD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Participant‐reported · adults with CVD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Investigator‐reported · adults with CVD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) · adults with CVD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 61 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) · adults with CVD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 61 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Decrease in asthma symptoms · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.85 [1.32, 2.58]	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) · adults with CVD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 61 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo All‐cause mortality · adults with CVD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Serious adverse events: hospitalisation · adults with CVD Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 176 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Participant‐reported · adults with CVI Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Pain scores · adults with CVI Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Disappearance of pain · adults with CVI Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	RR 25 [1.58, 395.48]	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Investigator‐reported · adults with CVI Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Treatment efficacy as judged by physician · adults with CVI Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	RR 4.75 [1.97, 11.48]	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo All‐cause mortality · adults with CVI Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with CVI Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Participants off albuterol inhaler · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	RR 6 [1.97, 18.25]	1 study · 60 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs control Participant‐reported · adults with diabetes mellitus type I Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs control Microcirculation‐related symptom scores: oral and local Pycnogenol® · adults with diabetes mellitus type I Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 16 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs control Investigator‐reported · adults with diabetes mellitus type I Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs control Area of ulceration: oral and local Pycnogenol® · adults with diabetes mellitus type I Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 16 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs control All‐cause mortality · adults with diabetes mellitus type I Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs control Serious adverse events · adults with diabetes mellitus type I Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Participant‐reported · adults with diabetes mellitus type II Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Visual acuity · adults with diabetes mellitus type II Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	RR 34.04 [2.17, 533.19]	1 study · 46 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Investigator‐reported · adults with diabetes mellitus type II Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Reduction in fasting blood glucose levels (mmol/L) · adults with diabetes mellitus type II Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 48 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Investigator‐reported · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo HbA1C levels (%) · adults with diabetes mellitus type II Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 48 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Central macular thickness (μm) · adults with diabetes mellitus type II Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 68 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo All‐cause mortality · adults with diabetes mellitus type II Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with diabetes mellitus type II Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Participant‐reported · adults with diabetes mellitus type I and II combined Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Diabetic peripheral neuropathy symptom score: number of participants who showed no change · adults with diabetes mellitus type I and II combined Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.78 [0.58, 1.04]	1 study · 67 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Investigator‐reported · adults with diabetes mellitus type I and II combined Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Change in HbA1C (%) · adults with diabetes mellitus type I and II combined Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 67 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo All‐cause mortality · adults with diabetes mellitus type I and II combined Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with diabetes mellitus type I and II combined Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo Change in FEV1 % predicted · children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 44 participants	Very low
Pine bark extract vs placebo Participant‐reported · men with erectile dysfunction Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Pine bark extract vs placebo IIEF‐5 score · men with erectile dysfunction Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 147 participants	Very low