Cochrane · systematic review · CD008294
Pine bark (Pinus spp.) extract for treating chronic disorders
Robertson, NU, Schoonees, A, Brand, A, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2020 · Cochrane Library
Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic DisordersAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
87
current version
GRADE rated
40
No studies
47
Included studies
NR
No studies 47 · 54%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 38 · 43.7%Low 1 · 1.1%Moderate 1 · 1.1%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of Asthma
Population: children and adults with asthma diagnosed by American Thoracic Society criteria
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Decrease in asthma symptoms Pine bark extract vs placebo | RR 1.85 [1.32, 2.58] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Participants off albuterol inhaler Pine bark extract vs placebo | RR 6 [1.97, 18.25] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Change in FEV1 % predicted Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Change in FEV1 % predicted/FVC Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of ADHD
Population: children with ADHD
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Inattention Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Hyperactivity Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Change in visual‐motoric coordination and concentration score Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of CVD
Population: adults with CVD
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events: hospitalisation Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 176 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of CVI
Population: adults with CVI
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pain scores Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Disappearance of pain Pine bark extract vs placebo | RR 25 [1.58, 395.48] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Treatment efficacy as judged by physician Pine bark extract vs placebo | RR 4.75 [1.97, 11.48] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to control for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type I
Population: adults with diabetes mellitus type I
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Microcirculation‐related symptom scores: oral and local Pycnogenol® Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Area of ulceration: oral and local Pycnogenol® Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II
Population: adults with diabetes mellitus type II
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Visual acuity Pine bark extract vs placebo | RR 34.04 [2.17, 533.19] | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reduction in fasting blood glucose levels (mmol/L) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
HbA1C levels (%) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Central macular thickness (μm) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type I and II combined
Population: adults with diabetes mellitus type I and II combined
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy symptom score: number of participants who showed no change Pine bark extract vs placebo | RR 0.78 [0.58, 1.04] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Change in HbA1C (%) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of erectile dysfunction
Population: men with erectile dysfunction
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IIEF‐5 score Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 147 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
IIEF erectile function domain score Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 111 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Total plasma testosterone (nmol/L) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 111 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 111 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 111 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to control for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction
Population: women with sexual dysfunction
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FSFI satisfaction domain score Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
FSFI pain domain score Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Population: adults with osteoarthritis of the knee
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Composite WOMAC score Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Change in NSAIDs and COX‐2 inhibitor usage (mean number of pills taken per month) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Withdrawal from study because of pine bark extract supplements Pine bark extract vs placebo | RR 0.4 [0.08, 1.97] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Pine bark extract compared to control for osteopenia
Population: post‐menopausal women with osteopenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bone alkaline phosphatase (ug/L) Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide (ng/mL) Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ng/mL) Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pine bark extract compared to placebo for the treatment of traumatic brain injury
Population: adults with a traumatic brain injury
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Participant‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive failure questionnaire scores Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Rivermead post‐concussion symptom questionnaire (RPQ‐13) scores Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Investigator‐reported Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
California verbal learning test: long‐delay free recall scores Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
California verbal learning test (mean total accuracy) (%) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Wechsler adult intelligence scale (letter number sequencing scores) Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
All‐cause mortality Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Serious adverse events Pine bark extract vs placebo | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |