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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium Quality of life up to 6 months (SGRQ) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 4 participants | Low |
Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium FEV1 pre‐dose ‐ FEV1 3‐6 months mean difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 4 participants | Moderate |
Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium FEV1 pre‐dose ‐ FEV1 1 year · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Combination inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in addition to tiotropium versus tiotropium or… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Moderate |
Tai Chi vs usual care Level of dyspnoea · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 137 participants | Low |
Tai Chi and breathing exercise vs breathing exercise Functional capacity · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Tai Chi and breathing exercise vs breathing exercise Pulmonary function · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 120 participants | Low |
Tai Chi and breathing exercise vs breathing exercise Quality of life · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 120 participants | Very low |
Tai Chi and breathing exercise vs breathing exercise CI: Confidence interval · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tai Chi and exercise vs exercise Functional capacity · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 192 participants | Low |
Tai Chi and exercise vs exercise Quality of life · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 192 participants | Low |
Tai Chi and exercise vs exercise CI: Confidence interval · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tai Chi vs usual care Functional capacity · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 318 participants | Very low |
Tai Chi vs usual care Functional capacity · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Tai Chi vs usual care Peak aerobic capacity · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 10 participants | Low |
Tai Chi vs usual care Pulmonary function · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 258 participants | Moderate |
Tai Chi vs usual care Quality of life · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 233 participants | Very low |
Tai Chi vs usual care Quality of life · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Low |
Tai Chi vs usual care CI: Confidence interval · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tai Chi and breathing exercise vs breathing exercise Level of dyspnoea · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tai Chi for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, with 32 items, 0 to 7 points per item) · People with asthma (mostly mild or moderate) Yoga for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 375 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Asthma symptoms (different severity scores; change from baseline) · People with asthma (mostly mild or moderate) Yoga for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 243 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Asthma control (weekly number of attacks) · People with asthma (mostly mild or moderate) Yoga for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 226 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Forced expiratory volume in one second (change from baseline FEV1 (L)) · People with asthma (mostly mild or moderate) Yoga for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 340 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Reduced asthma medication usage · People with asthma (mostly mild or moderate) Yoga for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | RR 5.35 [1.29, 22.11] | 2 studies · 48 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · People with asthma (mostly mild or moderate) Yoga for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 108 participants | Very low |
Behavioural treatment vs no treatment or usual care Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 25.38 [8.03, 80.22] | 1 study · 3562 participants | Moderate |
Pharmacological treatment vs a different pharmacological treatment Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 166 participants | Ungraded |
Pharmacological treatment vs a different pharmacological treatment Point prevalence abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.5 [1.47, 4.26] | 1 study · 543 participants | Moderate |
Combination interventions vs different (combination) interventions or usual care Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 6431 participants | Ungraded |
Combination interventions vs different (combination) interventions or usual care Point prevalence abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1535 participants | Ungraded |
Behavioural treatment vs no treatment or usual care Point prevalence abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 3618 participants | Ungraded |
One form of behavioural treatment vs a different form of behavioural treatment Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 739 participants | Ungraded |
One form of behavioural treatment vs a different form of behavioural treatment Point prevalence abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 500 participants | Ungraded |
Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.53 [1.83, 3.5] | 4 studies · 1429 participants | High |
Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.6 [1.29, 5.24] | 1 study · 370 participants | High |
Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.03 [1.26, 3.28] | 2 studies · 503 participants | Moderate |
Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.34 [1.88, 5.92] | 1 study · 504 participants | High |
Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Prolonged abstinence at longest · smokers with COPD Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.54 [0.87, 7.44] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · people with asthma Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | MD 0.3 | 2012 participants | Moderate |
Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate vs placebo Asthma exacerbation · people with asthma Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2013 participants | Very low |
Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate vs placebo Serious adverse events · people with asthma Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2013 participants | Very low |
Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate vs placebo FEV1 · people with asthma Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | MD 0.17 | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate vs placebo Peak expiratory flow · people with asthma Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | MD 33.3 | 2012 participants | Moderate |
Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate vs placebo Asthma symptoms · people with asthma Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | MD 17.9 | 1 study · 2012 participants | Moderate |
Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate vs placebo Adverse events · people with asthma Vilanterol and fluticasone furoate for asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 participants | Moderate |
Breathing exercises as part of a package of interventions vs control Quality of life · children with asthma Breathing exercises for children with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 28 participants | Low |
Breathing exercises as part of a package of interventions vs control Symptoms of asthma · children with asthma Breathing exercises for children with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 78 participants | Low |
Breathing exercises as part of a package of interventions vs control Serious adverse events · children with asthma Breathing exercises for children with asthma (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MgSO4 vs placebo Hospital admissions · children with acute asthma in the emergency department Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.14, 0.74] | 3 studies · 115 participants | Low |
MgSO4 vs placebo ED treatment time (minutes) · children with acute asthma in the emergency department Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |