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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,297 questions · 3,638 findings · 215 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 98 · 2.7%GRADE not reported 2,946 · 81%Very low 263 · 7.2%Low 158 · 4.3%Moderate 137 · 3.8%High 36 · 1%

HEMA/EGDMA-based desensitizer vs Calcium-based agent

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)

In the Self-Etch adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, HEMA vs Calcium showed no significant difference in 24 h bond strength (MD 3.023, 95% CI -3.815 to 9.861; Moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epilepsy (as exposure/condition) vs Healthy participants without epilepsy (control group)

Caries in primary teeth: dmft (3 years) · people with epilepsy

The dmft (primary-teeth caries) index does not differ significantly between people with epilepsy and controls (SMD 0.132, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.484; high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electronic cigarette use vs Non-smokers

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) · Humans who use e-cigarettes (mostly adults, often with periodontal disease) assessed for oral proinflammatory markers

Meta-analysis suggests no significant effect of e-cigarette use on the salivary level of Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (7 studies), though heterogeneity was high (I2=95%) and the pooled estimate appears only in Figure 3E (unavailable); GCF data were limited (2 study(ies)) (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Theory-based oral health education/promotion interventions (HBM, TPB, SCT, HAPA, TTM, PMT, SOC, PRECEDE-PROCEED, MI) vs Control (waitlist, routine/standard oral health education, or minimal intervention)

Oral health knowledge (1-9 scale) · school‐age children and adolescents

Theory-based interventions significantly improved oral health knowledge (SMD 1.09; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

AI algorithms (predominantly CNN/deep learning) as index test vs Dental expert / visual-tactile clinical assessment (reference standard)

Area under the summary ROC curve · Patients undergoing dental caries detection on dental images (teeth/surfaces across imaging modalities)

The area under the summary ROC curve for AI caries detection is 0.86, indicating high overall diagnostic accuracy; ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Western/Northern Europe (UN M49 region) vs Eastern/Southern Europe (UN M49 geographical categorization)

Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)

In the adjusted ordinal model geographical location was not independently significant for DMFT category (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.35); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacement of the defective restoration vs Repair of the defective restoration

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Dentists managing a defective direct resin composite restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a 30-year-old,…

For a defective composite restoration with disruption of occlusal integrity, surveyed dentists most often preferred repair over replacement (pooled RR 0.37; p < 0.001); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Electronic cigarette use vs Non-smokers

Combined salivary IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels · Humans who use e-cigarettes (mostly adults, often with periodontal disease) assessed for oral proinflammatory markers

Combining all four salivary cytokines, the meta-analysis found no effect of e-cigarette use on salivary proinflammatory marker levels (low between-marker heterogeneity, I2=31%); the pooled estimate appears only in Figure 3F (unavailable) and is ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Anorexia nervosa (as exposure; diagnosed by DSM-III/III-R/IV/V) vs Healthy controls

Salivary pH · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general community-dwelling population

Anorexia nervosa is associated with significantly lower salivary pH than healthy controls (MD -0.39, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.24; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review