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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antifibrinolytics vs levonorgestrel intrauterine system Adverse events (any) · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.25, 2.8] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytics vs levonorgestrel intrauterine system Thromboembolic events · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytics vs no treatment or placebo Adverse events (any) · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.18] | 1 study · 297 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytics vs no treatment or placebo Thromboembolic events · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytics vs progestogens Menstrual blood loss: mean loss (overall) · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 312 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytics vs progestogens Menstrual blood loss: improvement rates (overall) · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [1.31, 1.8] | 5 studies · 422 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytics vs progestogens Adverse events (any) · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.46, 0.94] | 4 studies · 349 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytics vs progestogens Thromboembolic events · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytics vs NSAIDs Menstrual blood loss: mean loss · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Live birth rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | OR 3.24 [0.12, 87.13] | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Cancellation rate · women who are starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of insemination for intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: luteinising hormone (LH) + 1 day vs LH + 2 days Live birth rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of insemination for intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: luteinising hormone (LH) + 1 day vs LH + 2 days Multiple pregnancy rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of insemination for intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: luteinising hormone (LH) + 1 day vs LH + 2 days Clinical pregnancy rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2 [1.14, 3.53] | 1 study · 351 participants | Very low |
Timing of insemination for intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: luteinising hormone (LH) + 1 day vs LH + 2 days Miscarriage rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of insemination for intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: luteinising hormone (LH) + 1 day vs LH + 2 days Cancellation rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: urinary luteinising hormone test vs temperature curve and cervical mucus score Live birth rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: urinary luteinising hormone test vs temperature curve and cervical mucus score Multiple pregnancy rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: urinary luteinising hormone test vs temperature curve and cervical mucus score Clinical pregnancy rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.31 [0.42, 4.11] | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Timing of intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: urinary luteinising hormone test vs temperature curve and cervical mucus score Miscarriage rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Multiple pregnancy rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Timing of intrauterine insemination with donor sperm: urinary luteinising hormone test vs temperature curve and cervical mucus score Cancellation rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Clinical pregnancy rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | OR 6.18 [1.91, 20.03] | 2 studies · 76 participants | Very low |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Miscarriage rate · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Cancellation rate ‐ natural cycles · women starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Live birth rate · women who are starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.55 [0.72, 8.96] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Multiple pregnancy rate · women who are starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.77 [1, 7.69] | 2 studies · 131 participants | Very low |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Clinical pregnancy rate · women who are starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.83 [1.38, 5.78] | 2 studies · 131 participants | Very low |
Intrauterine insemination vs intracervical insemination Miscarriage rate · women who are starting donor sperm treatment Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.97 [0.43, 9.04] | 2 studies · 131 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs placebo or no treatment Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) at the end of treatment: dysmenorrhoea VRS · women with endometriosis Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs placebo or no treatment Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) at the end of treatment: dysmenorrhoea VAS · women with endometriosis Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 327 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs placebo or no treatment Self‐reported pain: menstrual pain reduction from baseline to end of treatment · women with endometriosis Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 169 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs other medical treatment Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) at the end of treatment (continuous data): dysmenorrhoea at 6 months' · women with endometriosis Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs other medical treatment Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) at the end of treatment (continuous data): dysmenorrhoea at 6 months' · women with endometriosis Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs other medical treatment Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) (dichotomous data): reduction of pain to zero at 6 months' · women with endometriosis Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.02, 8.43] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs other medical treatment Self‐reported pain (dysmenorrhoea) (dichotomous data) ‐ reduction of pain to zero at 6 months' · women with endometriosis Oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.93, 1.08] | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) vs CSA+acupuncture Intraoperative pain · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) vs CSA + electro‐acupuncture Patient satisfaction · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) vs CSA + electro‐acupuncture Side effects (postoperative vomiting and/or vomiting) · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.09 [0.33, 3.58] | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) vs CSA + electro‐acupuncture Postoperative complications · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conscious sedation and analgesia vs general analgesia Intraoperative pain · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conscious sedation and analgesia vs general analgesia Postoperative pain · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia vs general analgesia Pregnancy · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.43, 2.35] | 2 studies · 108 participants | Very low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia vs general analgesia Patient satisfaction (report of 'satisfactory') · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.11, 4.04] | 2 studies · 108 participants | Very low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia vs general analgesia Side effects (postoperative vomiting and/or vomiting) · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.46 [0.08, 2.75] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia vs general analgesia Postoperative complications · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.14 [0.02, 1.22] | 1 study · 58 participants | Very low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) + paracervical block (PCB) vs electro‐acupuncture + PCB Intraoperative pain · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 781 participants | Low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) vs CSA+acupuncture Postoperative pain · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) + paracervical block (PCB) vs electro‐acupuncture + PCB Postoperative pain · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) + paracervical block (PCB) vs electro‐acupuncture + PCB Pregnancy · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.72, 1.29] | 4 studies · 783 participants | Low |