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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Any antiglucocorticoid vs placebo General functioning: improved to an important degree · people with psychosis Antiglucocorticoid and related treatments for psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Any antiglucocorticoid vs placebo Adverse effects: general: overall number of events · people with psychosis Antiglucocorticoid and related treatments for psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.77, 1.09] | 2 studies · 226 participants | Moderate |
Any antiglucocorticoid vs placebo Quality of life: improved to an important degree · people with psychosis Antiglucocorticoid and related treatments for psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Any antiglucocorticoid vs placebo Mental state: 1. General ‐ average endpoint score PANSS total · people with psychosis Antiglucocorticoid and related treatments for psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Any antiglucocorticoid vs placebo Mental state: 2. Specific ‐ negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score PANSS subscale · people with psychosis Antiglucocorticoid and related treatments for psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo Global state: improvement, short term PANSS · people with schizophrenia Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.53, 1.12] | 3 studies · 229 participants | Low |
Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo Total PANSS scores, short term PANSS · people with schizophrenia Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 584 participants | Very low |
Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo Total BPRS scores, short term BPRS · people with schizophrenia Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 843 participants | Low |
Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo General functioning ‐ short term GAS · people with schizophrenia Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 52 participants | Low |
Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo General functioning ‐ medium term GAS · people with schizophrenia Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 135 participants | High |
Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo Leaving the study early, short term · people with schizophrenia Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.48, 1.11] | 16 studies · 1584 participants | Moderate |
Adjunctive antioxidants for schizophrenia vs placebo Adverse effects: 1. Serious (any time point) ‐ any serious adverse effect Various methods · people with schizophrenia Antioxidant treatments for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.19, 2.27] | 3 studies · 234 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Improvement in nutritional intake · participants with schizophrenia Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in measures of nutritional status: weight (kg), body mass index (kg/ m2), and waist/ hip ratio (cms) · participants with schizophrenia Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mental state · participants with schizophrenia Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinically important adverse effects · participants with schizophrenia Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Measures of physiological function · participants with schizophrenia Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HIV ADVICE vs NO HIV ADVICE HIV infection · people with serious mental illness HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
HIV ADVICE vs NO HIV ADVICE Quality of life: Improved · people with serious mental illness HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
HIV ADVICE vs NO HIV ADVICE Adverse events · people with serious mental illness HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
HIV ADVICE vs NO HIV ADVICE Service use: Hospitalisation · people with serious mental illness HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
HIV ADVICE vs NO HIV ADVICE Costs of care · people with serious mental illness HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
HIV ADVICE vs NO HIV ADVICE Safe practice: 1. Sexual practice/knowledge · people with serious mental illness HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
HIV ADVICE vs NO HIV ADVICE Safe practice: 2. Needle practice/knowledge · people with serious mental illness HIV prevention advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Smoking cessation advice vs standard care Raised awareness of common problems associated with smoking · people with people with serious mental illness Smoking cessation advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smoking cessation advice vs standard care Reduction in smoking · people with people with serious mental illness Smoking cessation advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smoking cessation advice vs standard care Healthy days · people with people with serious mental illness Smoking cessation advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smoking cessation advice vs standard care Clinically important adverse effect · people with people with serious mental illness Smoking cessation advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smoking cessation advice vs standard care Economic outcome · people with people with serious mental illness Smoking cessation advice for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Active education + Support for implementation vs Routine care or Passive dissemination Process outcome, Practitioner Impact 1. Polypharmacy at · participants with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.75, 1.25] | 2 studies · 310 participants | Very low |
Re‐written guideline text vs original guideline text Process outcome, Practitioner Impact 5. Staff did not provide psychological interventions (as suggested by the guideline) · patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.62, 1.18] | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
Re‐written guideline text vs original guideline text Patient outcome: Global state · patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Re‐written guideline text vs original guideline text Patient outcome: Satisfaction with care · patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Re‐written guideline text vs original guideline text Patient outcome: Treatment adherence · patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Re‐written guideline text vs original guideline text Patient outcome: Drug attitude · patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Re‐written guideline text vs original guideline text Patient outcome: Quality of life · patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Active education + Support for implementation vs Routine care or Passive dissemination Process outcome, Practitioner Impact: 2. Not screened for cardiovascular risk, Framingham score (corrected for design effect) · participants with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.48, 1.03] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Active education + Support for implementation vs Routine care or Passive dissemination Patient outcome: Global state: average score (PANSS total, high = poor) · participants with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
Active education + Support for implementation vs Routine care or Passive dissemination Patient outcome: satisfaction with care: average score (ZUF8, high = better satisfaction) · participants with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Active education + Support for implementation vs Routine care or Passive dissemination Patient outcome: treatment adherence: not adherent at · participants with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.44, 1.85] | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Active education + Support for implementation vs Routine care or Passive dissemination Patient outcome: drug attitude: average score (DAI, high = positive attitude) · participants with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Active education + Support for implementation vs Routine care or Passive dissemination Patient outcome: quality of life · participants with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Re‐written guideline text vs original guideline text Process outcome, Practitioner Impact 3. Staff not trained (as suggested by the guideline) · patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.87, 1.21] | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
Re‐written guideline text vs original guideline text Process outcome, Practitioner Impact 4. Staff not supervised (as suggested by the guideline) · patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.64, 1.17] | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS Specific behaviour: aggression ‐ important decrease in aggression · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 83 participants | High |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS Specific behaviour: repeated need for tranquillisation · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS Specific behaviours ‐ threat or injury to others/self · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 83 participants | High |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse effects ‐ any serious, specific adverse effects · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS Global outcomes ‐ overall improvement · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 83 participants | High |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS Leaving the study early · people with long‐term aggression in psychosis Haloperidol for long‐term aggression in psychosis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.84, 2.24] | 1 study · 110 participants | Low |