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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Screening hysteroscopy vs no hysteroscopy Live birth · women before IVF treatment Screening hysteroscopy in subfertile women and women undergoing assisted reproduction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [1.11, 1.43] | 6 studies · 2745 participants | Low |
Screening hysteroscopy vs no hysteroscopy Adverse events · women before IVF treatment Screening hysteroscopy in subfertile women and women undergoing assisted reproduction (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 7.47 [0.15, 376.42] | 4 studies · 1872 participants | Very low |
Screening hysteroscopy vs no hysteroscopy Clinical pregnancy · women before IVF treatment Screening hysteroscopy in subfertile women and women undergoing assisted reproduction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [1.2, 1.45] | 10 studies · 3750 participants | Low |
Screening hysteroscopy vs no hysteroscopy Miscarriage · women before IVF treatment Screening hysteroscopy in subfertile women and women undergoing assisted reproduction (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.67, 1.5] | 3 studies · 1669 participants | Low |
Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy vs hysterectomy without opportunistic salpingectomy Incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer · premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynaecological indications Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy versus hysterectomy alone (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy vs hysterectomy without opportunistic salpingectomy Surgery‐related adverse events: intraoperative complications · premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynaecological indications Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy versus hysterectomy alone (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.11, 3.94] | 1 study · 104 participants | Very low |
Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy vs hysterectomy without opportunistic salpingectomy Surgery‐related adverse events: short‐term postoperative complications · premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynaecological indications Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy versus hysterectomy alone (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.13 [0.01, 2.14] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy vs hysterectomy without opportunistic salpingectomy Postoperative hormonal status (AMH) pmol/L · premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynaecological indications Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy versus hysterectomy alone (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 283 participants | Low |
Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy vs no additional therapy Live birth rate · patients with endometriosis prior to standard IVF/ICSI Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.26, 0.87] | 1 study · 147 participants | Very low |
Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy vs no additional therapy Complication rate · patients with endometriosis prior to standard IVF/ICSI Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women… (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.23 [0.37, 4.14] | 3 studies · 318 participants | Very low |
Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy vs no additional therapy Clinical pregnancy rate · patients with endometriosis prior to standard IVF/ICSI Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.91, 1.41] | 6 studies · 552 participants | Very low |
Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy vs no additional therapy Multiple pregnancy rate · patients with endometriosis prior to standard IVF/ICSI Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women… (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.14 [0.04, 0.56] | 2 studies · 208 participants | Very low |
Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy vs no additional therapy Miscarriage rate · patients with endometriosis prior to standard IVF/ICSI Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women… (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.45 [0.1, 2] | 2 studies · 208 participants | Very low |
Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy vs no additional therapy Mean number of oocytes · patients with endometriosis prior to standard IVF/ICSI Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 385 participants | Very low |
Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy vs no additional therapy Mean number of embryos · patients with endometriosis prior to standard IVF/ICSI Long‐term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 267 participants | Very low |
Metformin vs placebo or no treatment Live birth rate per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.59 [1, 2.51] | 4 studies · 435 participants | Low |
Metformin combined with clomiphene citrate vs clomiphene citrate alone Miscarriage rate per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.35 [0.91, 2] | 10 studies · 1206 participants | Low |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Live birth rate per woman aParticipants with BMI < 30 kg/m2 or ≤ 32 kg/m2 · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.71 [1, 2.94] | 3 studies · 241 participants | Very low |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Live birth rate per woman aParticipants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.3 [0.17, 0.52] | 2 studies · 500 participants | Very low |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Adverse events (gastrointestinal) · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Clinical pregnancy rate per womanaParticipants with BMI < 30 kg/m2 or ≤ 32 kg/m2 · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.56 [1.06, 2.29] | 6 studies · 530 participants | Low |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Clinical pregnancy rate per woman aParticipants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.21, 0.55] | 2 studies · 500 participants | Low |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Ovulation rate per woman fParticipants with BMI < 30 kg/m2 · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.52, 1.25] | 5 studies · 352 participants | Low |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Ovulation rate per woman fParticipants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.2, 0.43] | 2 studies · 500 participants | Low |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Miscarriage rate per woman aParticipants with BMI < 30 kg/2 · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.51 [0.62, 3.71] | 4 studies · 281 participants | Low |
Metformin vs clomiphene citrate Miscarriage rate per woman aParticipants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.27, 1.38] | 2 studies · 500 participants | Low |
Metformin vs placebo or no treatment Adverse events (gastrointestinal) per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 4 [2.63, 6.09] | 7 studies · 713 participants | Moderate |
Metformin vs placebo or no treatment Clinical pregnancy rate per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.98 [1.47, 2.65] | 11 studies · 1213 participants | Moderate |
Metformin vs placebo or no treatment Ovulation rate per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.64 [1.85, 3.75] | 13 studies · 684 participants | Low |
Metformin vs placebo or no treatment Miscarriage rate per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.5, 2.35] | 4 studies · 748 participants | Low |
Metformin combined with clomiphene citrate vs clomiphene citrate alone Live birth rate per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.27 [0.98, 1.65] | 10 studies · 1219 participants | Low |
Metformin combined with clomiphene citrate vs clomiphene citrate alone Adverse events (gastrointestinal) per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 4.26 [2.83, 6.4] | 6 studies · 852 participants | Moderate |
Metformin combined with clomiphene citrate vs clomiphene citrate alone Clinical pregnancy rate per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.62 [1.32, 1.99] | 19 studies · 1790 participants | Moderate |
Metformin combined with clomiphene citrate vs clomiphene citrate alone Ovulation rate per woman · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.65 [1.35, 2.03] | 22 studies · 1601 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytics vs no treatment or placebo Menstrual blood loss: mean loss · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 565 participants | Moderate |
Antifibrinolytics vs NSAIDs Menstrual blood loss: improvement rates · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [1.18, 1.74] | 2 studies · 161 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytics vs NSAIDs Adverse events (any) · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytics vs NSAIDs Thromboembolic events · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytics vs ethamsylate Menstrual blood loss: mean loss · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytics vs ethamsylate Menstrual blood loss: improvement rates · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.56 [0.95, 2.55] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytics vs ethamsylate Withdrawal from treatment because of adverse events · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.19, 3.15] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytics vs ethamsylate Thromboembolic events · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytics vs herbal medicines Menstrual blood loss: mean loss ‐ after 3 months Rx · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 121 participants | Low |
Antifibrinolytics vs herbal medicines Menstrual blood loss: mean loss ‐ after 3 months' · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytics vs herbal medicines Rates of improvement · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytics vs no treatment or placebo Menstrual blood loss: improvement rates · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.34 [1.84, 6.09] | 3 studies · 271 participants | Moderate |
Antifibrinolytics vs herbal medicines Adverse events (any) · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.25 [0.74, 6.8] | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytics vs herbal medicines Thromboembolic events · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antifibrinolytics vs levonorgestrel intrauterine system Menstrual blood loss: median difference in PBAC score ‐ after 6 months Rx · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Antifibrinolytics vs levonorgestrel intrauterine system Menstrual blood loss: improvement in mean blood loss (PBAC score < 100) · heavy menstrual bleeding Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.24, 0.77] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |