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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin C vs placebo Late AMD (either neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy or both) · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.61, 1.46] | 1 study · 14236 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin C vs placebo Neovascular AMD · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin C vs placebo Geographic atrophy · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin C vs placebo Quality of life · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin E vs placebo Late AMD (either neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy or both) · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.89, 1.67] | 4 studies · 55614 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin C vs placebo Adverse effects · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin C vs placebo Resource use and costs · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multivitamin vs placebo Any AMD · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [1.02, 1.43] | 1 study · 14233 participants | Moderate |
Multivitamin vs placebo Late AMD · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.88, 1.69] | 1 study · 14233 participants | Moderate |
Multivitamin vs placebo Neovascular AMD · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multivitamin vs placebo Geographic atrophy · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multivitamin vs placebo Quality of life · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multivitamin vs placebo Adverse effects · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Multivitamin vs placebo Resource use and costs · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin E vs placebo Neovascular AMD · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 3.62 [0.77, 16.95] | 1 study · 941 participants | Very low |
Vitamin E vs placebo Geographic atrophy · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.71 [0.28, 26] | 1 study · 941 participants | Very low |
Vitamin E vs placebo Quality of life · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin E vs placebo Adverse effects (AE) · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Vitamin E vs placebo Resource use and costs · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Beta‐carotene vs placebo Any AMD · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.88, 1.14] | 2 studies · 22083 participants | High |
Beta‐carotene vs placebo Late AMD (either neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy or both) · general population Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.65, 1.24] | 2 studies · 22083 participants | Moderate |
Aqueous shunts vs trabeculectomy Mean IOP at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | MD 2.55 | 3 studies · 380 participants | Very low |
Ahmed implant vs Baerveldt implant Mean change in visual field score from baseline at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ahmed implant vs Baerveldt implant Mean number of antiglaucoma medications at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.35 [0.11, 0.59] | 2 studies · 464 participants | Moderate |
Ahmed implant vs Baerveldt implant Proportion needing additional glaucoma surgery at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.77 [1.02, 7.54] | 2 studies · 514 participants | Moderate |
Ahmed implant vs Baerveldt implant Adverse events up to 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ahmed implant vs Baerveldt implant Quality of life at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ahmed implant vs Molteno implant Outcomes* · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ahmed implant vs Molteno implant Mean IOP at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | MD 1.64 | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Ahmed implant vs Molteno implant Mean logMAR visual acuity at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.08 | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Ahmed implant vs Molteno implant Mean change in visual field score from baseline at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Ahmed implant vs Molteno implant Mean number of antiglaucoma medications at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Aqueous shunts vs trabeculectomy Mean logMAR visual acuity at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.12 | 3 studies · 380 participants | Very low |
Ahmed implant vs Molteno implant Proportion needing additional glaucoma surgery at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ahmed implant vs Molteno implant Adverse events up to 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ahmed implant vs Molteno implant Quality of life at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Molteno implant vs Schocket shunt Outcomes* · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Molteno implant vs Schocket shunt Mean IOP at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 115 participants | Low |
Molteno implant vs Schocket shunt Mean logMAR visual acuity at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Molteno implant vs Schocket shunt Mean change in visual field score from baseline at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Molteno implant vs Schocket shunt Mean number of antiglaucoma medications at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Molteno implant vs Schocket shunt Proportion needing additional glaucoma surgery at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Molteno implant vs Schocket shunt Adverse events up to 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aqueous shunts vs trabeculectomy Mean change in visual field score from baseline at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 196 participants | Very low |
Molteno implant vs Schocket shunt Quality of life at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aqueous shunts vs trabeculectomy Mean number of antiglaucoma medications at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.8 [0.48, 1.12] | 1 study · 184 participants | Low |
Aqueous shunts vs trabeculectomy Proportion needing additional glaucoma surgery at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.04, 1.36] | 2 studies · 329 participants | Very low |
Aqueous shunts vs trabeculectomy Adverse events up to 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.43, 0.81] | 1 study · 212 participants | Very low |
Aqueous shunts vs trabeculectomy Quality of life at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ahmed implant vs Baerveldt implant Mean IOP at 1‐year · People with glaucoma Aqueous shunts for glaucoma (2017) · Cochrane | MD 2.6 | 2 studies · 464 participants | Moderate |