Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

601 questions · 608 findings · 50 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

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No studies found 127 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 6 · 1%Very low 189 · 31.1%Low 184 · 30.3%Moderate 87 · 14.3%High 15 · 2.5%

Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment

Proteinuria · kidney transplant recipients

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 90 participants
Low

Calcium channel blockers vs placebo/no treatment

Blood pressure · kidney transplant recipients

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 590 participants
Very low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment

Death · kidney transplant recipients

ACE inhibitors showed no clear difference in death compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.07, 14.55]
1 study · 30 participants
Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo/no treatment

Graft loss · kidney transplant recipients

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 93 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Change in serum albumin · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 790 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mid‐arm muscle circumference · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 216 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Lean mass · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 189 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 662 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Cost · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 117 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

CRP · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 436 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

IL‐6 · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 62 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Serum potassium · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 357 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Serum phosphate · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 403 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Serum albumin (end of intervention) · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 715 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Serum prealbumin · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 225 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Death · people with CKD requiring dialysis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Intolerance to therapy ‐ Gastrointestinal intolerance · people with CKD requiring dialysis

The intervention showed no clear difference in intolerance to therapy ‐ Gastrointestinal intolerance (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.81 [0.58, 13.65]
6 studies · 426 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Weight · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 365 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Body mass index · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 368 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Triceps skinfold thickness · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral protein‐based supplements versus placebo or no treatment for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 367 participants
Very low