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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
210 questions in 21 reviews · Lung Cancer
current versionsNo studies 15 · 7.1%Ungraded 2 · 1%Very low 15 · 7.1%Low 66 · 31.4%Moderate 50 · 23.8%High 62 · 29.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Selenium vs placebo Incidence: lung cancer · healthy men Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.8, 1.54] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Selenium vs placebo Mortality: lung cancer · healthy men Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | 1.09 [0.72, 1.66] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Selenium vs placebo Adverse events: alopecia · healthy men Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1.07, 1.53] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Selenium vs placebo adverse events: grade 1 to 2 dermatitis · healthy men Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [1.04, 1.31] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Selenium vs placebo Incidence: all cancers · healthy men Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.11] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Selenium vs placebo Mortality: all cancers · healthy men Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.8, 1.3] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Vitamin A vs placebo Adverse events: minor gastrointestinal symptoms · healthy people and healthy male physicians Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.22 [1.8, 2.74] | 1 study · 22071 participants | High |
Selenium vs placebo Mortality: all causes · healthy men Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.86, 1.13] | 1 study · 17448 participants | High |
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo Incidence: lung cancer · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.28, 1.48] | 1 study · 12741 participants | High |
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo Mortality: lung cancer · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo Adverse events · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo Incidence: all cancers · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.83, 1.1] | 1 study · 12741 participants | High |
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo Mortality: all cancers · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc vs placebo Mortality: all causes · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.7, 1.11] | 1 study · 12741 participants | High |
Vitamin A vs placebo Incidence: all cancers · healthy people and healthy male physicians Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.07] | 3 studies · 44267 participants | High |
Vitamin A vs placebo Mortality: all cancers · healthy people and healthy male physicians Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.88, 1.77] | 1 study · 22071 participants | High |
Vitamin A vs placebo Mortality: all causes ‐ smokers and asbestos workers · healthy people and healthy male physicians Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [1.05, 1.13] | 2 studies · 32883 participants | High |
Vitamin C vs placebo Incidence: lung cancer · healthy male physicians, period: 1997 to 2007 and female health professionals, period: 1998 to 2005 Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.67, 2.49] | 2 studies · 14953 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin C vs placebo Incidence: lung cancer ‐ men · healthy male physicians, period: 1997 to 2007 and female health professionals, period: 1998 to 2005 Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.64, 1.38] | 1 study · 7326 participants | High |
Carboplatin vs cisplatin chemotherapy Overall survival (baseline risks for low‐ and high‐risk groups in the control arm were estimated at 1 year) · combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung… (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.99 [0.82, 1.2] | 10 studies · 2515 participants | High |
Carboplatin vs cisplatin chemotherapy 1‐year survival rate · combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.89, 1.08] | 11 studies · 4004 participants | High |
Carboplatin vs cisplatin chemotherapy Response rate · combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.79, 1] | 11 studies · 4020 participants | High |
Carboplatin vs cisplatin chemotherapy Grade III or IV neurotoxicity · combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.42 | 10 studies · 3857 participants | Moderate |
Carboplatin vs cisplatin chemotherapy Grade III or IV thrombocytopenia · combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.46 [1.49, 4.04] | 10 studies · 3857 participants | Moderate |
Carboplatin vs cisplatin chemotherapy Grade III or IV renal toxicity · combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer Cisplatin versus carboplatin in combination with third‐generation drugs for advanced non‐small cell lung… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.19, 1.45] | 3 studies · 1272 participants | Moderate |
Exercise group vs control group Exercise capacity (VO2peak in mL/kg/min) · non‐small cell lung cancer Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 135 participants | Moderate |
Exercise group vs control group Exercise capacity (6MWD in metres) · non‐small cell lung cancer Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 182 participants | High |
Exercise group vs control group Safety of the intervention (adverse events related to the intervention) · non‐small cell lung cancer Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 202 participants | Moderate |
Exercise group vs control group General health‐related quality of life (SF‐36 ‐ physical component score) · non‐small cell lung cancer Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 208 participants | Low |
Exercise group vs control group General health‐related quality of life (SF‐36 ‐ mental component score) · non‐small cell lung cancer Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 208 participants | Low |
Exercise group vs control group Force‐generating capacity of peripheral muscles (quadriceps) · non‐small cell lung cancer Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 133 participants | Moderate |
Exercise group vs control group Dyspnoea · non‐small cell lung cancer Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 110 participants | Very low |
NIPPV vs no NIPPV Pulmonary complications · lung cancer patients Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for prevention of complications after pulmonary resection in lung… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.72, 1.47] | 4 studies · 238 participants | Low |
NIPPV vs no NIPPV Rate of intubation · lung cancer patients Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for prevention of complications after pulmonary resection in lung… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.25, 1.2] | 2 studies · 69 participants | Moderate |
NIPPV vs no NIPPV Mortality · lung cancer patients Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for prevention of complications after pulmonary resection in lung… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.24, 1.53] | 4 studies · 151 participants | Moderate |
NIPPV vs no NIPPV Length of intensive care unit stay · lung cancer patients Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for prevention of complications after pulmonary resection in lung… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 69 participants | Low |
NIPPV vs no NIPPV Length of hospital stay · lung cancer patients Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for prevention of complications after pulmonary resection in lung… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 101 participants | Very low |
Exercise training vs no exercise training Exercise capacity (6MWD) · adults with advanced lung cancer Exercise training for advanced lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 59 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs no exercise training Disease‐specific global health‐related quality of life, measured using various scales · adults with advanced lung cancer Exercise training for advanced lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 90 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs no exercise training Physical functioning component of health‐related quality of life, measured using various scales · adults with advanced lung cancer Exercise training for advanced lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 73 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs no exercise training Dyspnoea, measured using various scales · adults with advanced lung cancer Exercise training for advanced lung cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 121 participants | Low |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Overall survival (OS) · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.98 [0.91, 1.46] | 2 studies · 275 participants | Moderate |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Neutropenia · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.04 [0.02, 0.06] | 4 studies · 1857 participants | High |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Febrile neutropenia · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.12 [0.06, 0.23] | 3 studies · 1768 participants | High |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Progression‐free survival (PFS) · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.19 [0.86, 1.65] | 2 studies · 275 participants | Moderate |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Overall survival (OS) · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.02 [0.91, 1.15] | 2 studies · 1607 participants | Moderate |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Progression‐free survival (PFS) · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.04 [0.92, 1.17] | 2 studies · 1607 participants | Moderate |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Skin rash · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.4 [1.08, 5.31] | 4 studies · 1858 participants | High |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Constipation · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.17, 0.97] | 3 studies · 1719 participants | High |
Gefitinib vs chemotherapy Fatigue · advanced NSCLC Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.16 [0.03, 0.88] | 2 studies · 275 participants | Moderate |