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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
210 questions in 21 reviews · Lung Cancer
current versionsNo studies 15 · 7.1%Ungraded 2 · 1%Very low 15 · 7.1%Low 66 · 31.4%Moderate 50 · 23.8%High 62 · 29.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
TG4010 added to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Overall survival · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | HR 0.83 [0.65, 1.05] | 2 studies · 370 participants | Low |
Epidermal growth factor vs best supportive care Survival rates at 3 years · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [0.82, 2.54] | 2 studies · 458 participants | Low |
Epidermal growth factor vs best supportive care Survival rates at 5 years · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | RR 3.4 [1.02, 11.27] | 1 study · 378 participants | Low |
Epidermal growth factor vs best supportive care Health‐related quality of life · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | MD 7.9 | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
TG4010 added to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Progression‐free survival · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | HR 0.74 [0.55, 0.99] | 1 study · 222 participants | Low |
TG4010 added to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Participants with at least one serious adverse event · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.23, 2.19] | 2 studies · 362 participants | Very low |
TG4010 added to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Survival rates at 3 years · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.3, 3.31] | 1 study · 148 participants | Low |
TG4010 added to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Survival rates at 5 years · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TG4010 added to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone Health‐related quality of life · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Epidermal growth factor vs best supportive care Overall survival · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | HR 0.82 [0.66, 1.02] | 1 study · 378 participants | Low |
Epidermal growth factor vs best supportive care Progression‐free survival · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Epidermal growth factor vs best supportive care Participants with at least one serious adverse event · adults with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.88, 1.98] | 2 studies · 458 participants | Low |
Platinum doublet vs non‐platinum therapy Overall survival · people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown… Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a… (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.67 [0.57, 0.78] | 7 studies · 697 participants | Moderate |
Platinum doublet vs non‐platinum therapy 12‐month survival rates · people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown… Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.87, 0.97] | 11 studies · 1567 participants | Moderate |
Platinum doublet vs non‐platinum therapy Progression‐free survival · people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown… Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a… (2023) · Cochrane | HR 0.57 [0.42, 0.77] | 5 studies · 487 participants | Moderate |
Platinum doublet vs non‐platinum therapy Tumor response rate · people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown… Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.25 [1.67, 3.05] | 9 studies · 964 participants | Moderate |
Platinum doublet vs non‐platinum therapy Toxicity – anemia grade 3–5 · people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown… Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.98 [1, 3.92] | 8 studies · 935 participants | Low |
Platinum doublet vs non‐platinum therapy Toxicity – neutropenia grade 3–5 · people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown… Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.75 [1.3, 5.82] | 8 studies · 935 participants | Low |
Platinum doublet vs non‐platinum therapy Toxicity – thrombocytopenia grade 3–5 · people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown… Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.96 [1.73, 9.06] | 8 studies · 935 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Preoperative exercise training vs no exercise training Risk of developing a postoperative pulmonary complication – total · people scheduled to undergo lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer Preoperative exercise training for people with non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.33, 0.61] | 9 studies · 573 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Preoperative exercise training vs no exercise training Postoperative intercostal catheter duration · people scheduled to undergo lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer Preoperative exercise training for people with non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 111 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Preoperative exercise training vs no exercise training Safety of the intervention · people scheduled to undergo lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer Preoperative exercise training for people with non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 188 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Preoperative exercise training vs no exercise training Postoperative length of hospital stay · people scheduled to undergo lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer Preoperative exercise training for people with non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 573 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Preoperative exercise training vs no exercise training Postintervention (preoperative) exercise capacity · people scheduled to undergo lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer Preoperative exercise training for people with non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 191 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Preoperative exercise training vs no exercise training Postintervention (preoperative) exercise capacity · people scheduled to undergo lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer Preoperative exercise training for people with non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 474 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Preoperative exercise training vs no exercise training Postintervention (preoperative) forced expiratory volume in 1 second · people scheduled to undergo lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer Preoperative exercise training for people with non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 197 participants | Low |
ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy Progression‐free survival: all participants · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.45 [0.4, 0.52] | 6 studies · 1611 participants | High |
Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib Overall adverse events · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.98, 1.01] | 5 studies · 1263 participants | Moderate |
Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib Grade 5 adverse events (excluding progressive disease) · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.49, 1.47] | 5 studies · 1263 participants | Low |
Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib Overall survival · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.71 [0.56, 0.9] | 5 studies · 1263 participants | Moderate |
Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib Overall response rate · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [1.1, 1.25] | 5 studies · 1229 participants | Moderate |
Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib Health‐related quality of life: time to deterioration in composite endpoint (cough, dyspnoea, and chest pain) · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | HR 1.1 [0.72, 1.68] | 1 study · 303 participants | Very low |
ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy Progression‐free survival in people with central nervous system disease · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.51 [0.41, 0.62] | 6 studies · 581 participants | High |
ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy Overall adverse events · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [1, 1.03] | 5 studies · 1404 participants | Low |
ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy Grade 5 adverse events (excluding progressive disease) · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.03 [0.89, 4.66] | 6 studies · 1611 participants | Low |
ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy Overall survival · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97] | 6 studies · 1611 participants | High |
ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy Overall response rate · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.43 [2.16, 2.75] | 6 studies · 1611 participants | Moderate |
ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy Health‐related quality of life: time to deterioration in composite endpoint (cough, dyspnoea, and chest pain) · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.52 [0.44, 0.6] | 5 studies · 1504 participants | High |
Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib Progression‐free survival: overall population · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.39 [0.32, 0.46] | 5 studies · 1263 participants | High |
Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib Progression‐free survival in people with central nervous system disease · advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.25 [0.19, 0.34] | 5 studies · 406 participants | High |
Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening Lung cancer‐related mortality ‐ planned time points · healthy adults Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.72, 0.87] | 8 studies · 91122 participants | Moderate |
Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening All‐cause mortality ‐ planned time points · healthy adults Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.91, 0.99] | 8 studies · 91107 participants | Moderate |
Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening Overdiagnosis Time point: ≥ 10 years from randomisation excluding CXR trials  · healthy adults Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality (2022) · Cochrane | RD 0.18 | 5 studies · 28656 participants | Low |
Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening Number of invasive tests Time point: 3 years to 10 years from randomisation  · healthy adults Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality (2022) · Cochrane | 2.6 [2.41, 2.8] | 3 studies · 60003 participants | Moderate |
Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening Any death postsurgery Time point: 6 years to 9 years from randomisation · healthy adults Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.24, 1.94] | 2 studies · 409 participants | Moderate |
Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening Health‐related quality of life ‐ anxiety Time point: 10 months to 5 years from randomisation Measured by different scales · healthy adults Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 8153 participants | Low |
Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening  · healthy adults Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Erlotinib vs control Overall survival · EGFR M+ patients with NSCLC First‐line treatment of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive non‐squamous… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.95 [0.75, 1.22] | 3 studies · 429 participants | High |
Erlotinib vs control Progression‐free survival · EGFR M+ patients with NSCLC First‐line treatment of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive non‐squamous… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.31 [0.25, 0.39] | 4 studies · 583 participants | High |
Gefitinib vs paclitaxel + carboplatin Overall survival · EGFR M+ patients with NSCLC First‐line treatment of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive non‐squamous… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.95 [0.77, 1.18] | 2 studies · 489 participants | High |