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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Class III antiarrhythmics vs control Recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.62, 1.09] | 2 studies · 318 participants | Low |
Class III antiarrhythmics vs control Adverse events: thromboembolic events · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.96 [0.06, 15.5] | 1 study · 212 participants | Very low |
Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control Recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.78, 0.93] | 5 studies · 2591 participants | Moderate |
Class III antiarrhythmics vs control Adverse events: myocardial infarction · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Class III antiarrhythmics vs control Adverse events: new diagnosis of heart failure · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Class III antiarrhythmics vs control Adverse events: requirement for 1 or more hospitalisations for atrial tachyarrhythmia · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 participants | Ungraded |
Class III antiarrhythmics vs control All‐cause mortality · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.13 [0, 6.57] | 1 study · 212 participants | Very low |
Class III antiarrhythmics vs control Requirement for 1 or more repeat ablation · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 participants | Ungraded |
Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control Adverse events: thromboembolic events · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.96 [0.06, 15.5] | 1 study · 212 participants | Very low |
Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control Adverse events: myocardial infarction · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 participants | Ungraded |
Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control Adverse events: new diagnosis of heart failure · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control Adverse events: requirement for 1 or more hospitalisations for atrial tachyarrhythmia · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 participants | Ungraded |
Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control All‐cause mortality · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1 [0.06, 16.24] | 1 study · 90 participants | Low |
Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control Requirement for 1 or more repeat ablations · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 participants | Ungraded |
Class I antiarrhythmics vs control Outcomes at > 3 to 6 months after ablation · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.49, 1.13] | 6 studies · 3093 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cardiovascular‐related mortality Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.66, 1.1] | 2 studies · 2583 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause hospital admission (number of events) ‐ not reported Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause hospital admission (number of participants with at least one event) Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.86, 1.22] | 2 studies · 258 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cardiovascular‐related hospital admission (number of events) Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.37 [0.22, 0.63] | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cardiovascular‐related hospital admission (number of participants with at least one event) Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.77, 1.1] | 2 studies · 2583 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 166 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 166 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse events ‐ not reported Social network interventions to support cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in the management of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption Cardiovascular event · Adults without diabetes or CVD High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption All‐cause mortality · Adults without diabetes or CVD High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) · Adults without diabetes or CVD High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 873 participants | Low |
Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption Total cholesterol (mmol/L) · Adults without diabetes or CVD High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 763 participants | Low |
Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption LDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) · Adults without diabetes or CVD High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 712 participants | Low |
Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption HDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) · Adults without diabetes or CVD High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 817 participants | Low |
Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption Fasting plasma glucose(mmol/L) · Adults without diabetes or CVD High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 720 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in body weight (kg) at 3 to < 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 37 studies · 3286 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in DBP (mmHg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 56 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Constipation at 3 to < 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in body weight (kg) at 3 to < 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 1114 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in body weight (kg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 813 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.68, 1.2] | 2 studies · 106 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in DBP (mmHg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 631 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in body weight (kg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 1805 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in HbA1c (%) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 668 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 753 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Constipation at 3 to < 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.86, 2.18] | 2 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in body weight (kg) at 3 to < 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight‐maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Change in body weight (kg) at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight‐maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 158 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight‐maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase followed by weight‐maintenance phase) Low‐carbohydrate versus balanced‐carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |