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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
987 questions in 78 reviews · Haematology
current versionsNo studies 256 · 25.9%Ungraded 64 · 6.5%Very low 207 · 21%Low 247 · 25%Moderate 163 · 16.5%High 50 · 5.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Worsening up to day 28: participants with new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease) Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.9, 1.01] | 2 studies · 15266 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Improvement up to day 28: participants discharged alive · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease) Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.96, 1.04] | 2 studies · 15454 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Thrombotic events at longest · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease) Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.02] | 4 studies · 17518 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events at longest · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease) Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.57 [0.48, 5.14] | 1 study · 1815 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events during study treatment · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease) Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Major bleeding events at longest · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease) Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.68 [1.29, 2.19] | 4 studies · 17527 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at day 45 · non‐hospitalised adults with mild COVID‐19 Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1 [0.45, 2.22] | 2 studies · 4209 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Admission to hospital or death up to day 45 · non‐hospitalised adults with mild COVID‐19 Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.79 [0.57, 1.1] | 2 studies · 4209 participants | Very low |
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo All‐cause mortality at day 28 · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.43, 1.44] | NR | Low |
RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo Improvement of clinical status (number of participants discharged from hospital by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.96, 1.17] | 1 study · 241 participants | Low |
RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo Quality of life · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo Adverse events of any grade (by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.74, 1.31] | 1 study · 243 participants | Low |
RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo Adverse events at grade 3 or 4 (by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | OR 4 | 3 participants | Ungraded |
RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo Serious adverse events (by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.38, 1.19] | 1 study · 243 participants | Low |
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo Worsening of clinical status at day 28 (data only available for clinical status worsened on day 7) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.58, 1.23] | NR | Very low |
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo Improvement of clinical status (number of people discharged from hospital, or reaching category 1 on a 7‐point ordinal scale) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.08] | NR | Moderate |
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo Quality of life · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo Adverse events of any grade up to 28 days (data only available for adverse events up to day 1) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.81, 1.18] | NR | Low |
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo Adverse events at grades 3 to 4 up to 28 days · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.09 [1.39, 12.01] | NR | Moderate |
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo Serious adverse events up to day 28 (data available only as a composite of serious adverse events or death up to day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.45, 1.14] | NR | Low |
RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo All‐cause mortality (by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.26, 1.37] | 1 study · 241 participants | Low |
RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo Worsening of clinical status (expressed as new need for IMV, admission to ICU, or death by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19 Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.38, 1.18] | 1 study · 241 participants | Low |
Early vs late tracheostomy Evidence from RCTs · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Early vs late tracheostomy Mortality · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Early vs late tracheostomy Overall mortality · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.52, 1.29] | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Early vs late tracheostomy Duration to liberation from mechanical ventilation · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Early vs late tracheostomy Adverse events (any grade) · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.79, 1.13] | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Early vs late tracheostomy Ventilator‐associated pneumonia · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.23, 5.2] | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Early vs late tracheostomy Need for renal replacement therapy · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Early vs late tracheostomy ICU length of stay · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Early vs late tracheostomy Evidence from NRSIs · hospitalized, mechanically ventilated adults with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment On‐study mortality3 (Subnet based on 55 studies including 15,074 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.29] | NR | Low |
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment Red blood cell transfusions (Subnet based on 69 studies including 18,684 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.43, 1.28] | NR | Low |
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment Overall mortality4 (Subnet based on 71 studies including 21,576 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.63, 3.56] | NR | Low |
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment Thromboembolic events5 (Subnet based on 50 studies including 15,408 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment Thrombocytopenia or haemorrhage5 (Subnet based on 13 studies including 2744 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment Hypertension5 (Subnet based on 24 studies including 8383 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment Haemoglobin response (Subnet based on 31 studies including 6985 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 6.71 [4.93, 9.14] | NR | Moderate |
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment Red blood cell transfusions (Subnet based on 69 studies including 18,684 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.31, 0.63] | NR | Moderate |
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment Overall mortality4 (Subnet based on 71 studies including 21,576 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.87, 2.43] | NR | Low |
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment Thromboembolic events5 (Subnet based on 50 studies including 15,408 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [0.98, 3.41] | NR | Moderate |
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment Thrombocytopenia or haemorrhage5 (Subnet based on 13 studies including 2744 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment Hypertension5 (Subnet based on 24 studies including 8383 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment On‐study mortality3 (Subnet based on 55 studies including 15,074 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.95 [0.71, 12.34] | NR | Low |
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment Haemoglobin response (Subnet based on 31 studies including 6985 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab vs placebo Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 within 6 months · SARS‐CoV‐2 uninfected people without defined exposure, or with potential exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.29, 0.7] | 1 study · 4685 participants | Moderate |
Casirivimab/imdevimab vs placebo Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 within 6 monthsa · SARS‐CoV‐2 uninfected people without defined exposure, or with potential exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.01 [0, 0.14] | 1 study · 825 participants | Low |
Casirivimab/imdevimab vs placebo Development of clinical COVID‐19 symptoms within 6 months · SARS‐CoV‐2 uninfected people without defined exposure, or with potential exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.02 [0, 0.27] | 1 study · 969 participants | Low |
Casirivimab/imdevimab vs placebo All‐cause mortality within 6 months · SARS‐CoV‐2 uninfected people without defined exposure, or with potential exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 969 participants | Very low |
Casirivimab/imdevimab vs placebo Admission to hospital within 6 months · SARS‐CoV‐2 uninfected people without defined exposure, or with potential exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID‐19 (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |