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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Adverse events · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Total nocturnal sleep time (minutes) · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 272 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care Sleep efficiency · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 133 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Sleep efficiency · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 485 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Total wake time at night (minutes) · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 102 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Number of nocturnal awakenings · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 404 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Multimodal interventions vs usual care Adverse events · sleep disturbances in dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 589 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care Total wake time at night (minutes) · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 205 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care Number of nocturnal awakenings · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 136 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care Sleep onset latency · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care Adverse events · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 318 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care Total nocturnal sleep time (minutes) · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 167 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Functional ability in targeted activities: personal goals ‐ performance (participant self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at the end of therapy) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 501 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition General functional ability (informant report of participant) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at medium‐term follow‐up) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 380 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Self‐efficacy (participant self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at medium‐term follow‐up) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 417 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Mood: depression (participant self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at medium‐term follow‐up) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 456 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Quality of life (participant self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at medium‐term follow‐up) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 783 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Quality of life: psychological (care partner self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at medium‐term follow‐up) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 437 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Functional ability in targeted activities: personal goals ‐performance (informant report of participant) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at the end of therapy) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 476 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition General functional ability (informant report of participant) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at the end of therapy) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 673 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Self‐efficacy (participant self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at the end of therapy) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 456 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Mood: depression (participant self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at the end of therapy) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 502 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Quality of life (participant self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at the end of therapy) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 853 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Quality of life: psychological (care partner self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at the end of therapy) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 464 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Functional ability in targeted activities: personal goals ‐ performance (participant self‐report) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at medium‐term follow‐up) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 432 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive rehabilitation vs inactive control condition Functional ability in targeted activities: personal goals ‐ performance (informant report of participant) · people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia (at medium‐term follow‐up) Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 446 participants | High |
Intervention NR Incident clinical dementia  Multi‐domain prognostic models used in middle‐aged adults without known cognitive impairment for predicting… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 24147 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Dementia or cognitive impairmentc Multi‐domain prognostic models used in middle‐aged adults without known cognitive impairment for predicting… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 8565 participants | Very low |
Anticholinergic burden reduction interventions vs usual care Cognitive decline · older adults with and without prior cognitive impairment Anticholinergic deprescribing interventions for reducing risk of cognitive decline or dementia in older… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 299 participants | Very low |
Anticholinergic burden reduction interventions vs usual care Incidence of clinical dementia · older adults with and without prior cognitive impairment Anticholinergic deprescribing interventions for reducing risk of cognitive decline or dementia in older… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Anticholinergic burden reduction interventions vs usual care Adverse effects · older adults with and without prior cognitive impairment Anticholinergic deprescribing interventions for reducing risk of cognitive decline or dementia in older… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
CBT treatments vs treatment Depressive symptoms post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia and MCI Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | SMD 0.23 | 13 studies · 893 participants | Moderate |
Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment Anxiety symptoms post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment Quality of life post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 935 participants | Moderate |
Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment Activities of daily living post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 511 participants | Very low |
Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment Cognition post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 730 participants | Low |
Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment Neuropsychiatric symptoms post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 538 participants | Very low |
CBT treatments vs treatment Depression remission post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia and MCI Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.84 [1.18, 2.88] | 2 studies · 146 participants | Low |
CBT treatments vs treatment Anxiety symptoms post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia and MCI Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | SMD 0.03 | 3 studies · 143 participants | Very low |
CBT treatments vs treatment Quality of life post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia and MCI Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | SMD 0.31 | 7 studies · 459 participants | Moderate |
CBT treatments vs treatment Activities of daily living post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia and MCI Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | SMD 0.25 | 7 studies · 680 participants | Moderate |
CBT treatments vs treatment Cognition post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia and MCI Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | SMD 0.13 | 5 studies · 535 participants | Low |
CBT treatments vs treatment Neuropsychiatric symptoms post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia and MCI Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | SMD 0.06 | 5 studies · 401 participants | Very low |
Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment Depressive symptoms post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 994 participants | Low |
Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment Depression remission post‐treatment · depression and anxiety for people with dementia Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antiplatelet drug vs placebo Change in cognitive function from baseline · s with mixed prevalence of antiplatelet drug use at baseline, for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in… Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 280 participants | Very low |
Antiplatelet therapy vs placebo Major bleeding (intracranial and extracranial) · s for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia in people with cerebral small vessel disease and no dementia Antithrombotic therapy to prevent cognitive decline in people with small vessel disease on neuroimaging but… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |