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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
759 questions in 57 reviews · Colorectal
current versionsNo studies 91 · 12%Ungraded 12 · 1.6%Very low 209 · 27.5%Low 229 · 30.2%Moderate 160 · 21.1%High 58 · 7.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone Anastomotic leakage · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.36, 0.99] | 10 studies · 2356 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone Mortality · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.27, 2.82] | 3 studies · 639 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone Incidence of postoperative ileus · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.59, 1.32] | 6 studies · 2013 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone Length of hospital stay · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 621 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics alone Surgical site infections · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.34, 2.21] | 3 studies · 960 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics alone Anastomotic leakage · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.21, 3.45] | 3 studies · 960 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics alone Mortality · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.3, 3.5] | 2 studies · 709 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics alone Incidence of postoperative ileus · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.68, 2.33] | 2 studies · 709 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair Surgical site infections within 30 days of repair · adult patients with incarcerated or strangulated groin hernia Mesh versus non‐mesh for emergency groin hernia repair (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.66 [0.96, 2.88] | 2 studies · 454 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair Mortality within 30 days of repair · adult patients with incarcerated or strangulated groin hernia Mesh versus non‐mesh for emergency groin hernia repair (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.58, 3.28] | 1 study · 208 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair Complications classified by the Clavien‐Dindo Classification within 30 days of repair · adult patients with incarcerated or strangulated groin hernia Mesh versus non‐mesh for emergency groin hernia repair (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair Clinical recurrence or reoperation for recurrence within 30 days of repair · adult patients with incarcerated or strangulated groin hernia Mesh versus non‐mesh for emergency groin hernia repair (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 200 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair Clinical recurrence or reoperation for recurrence within one year of repair · adult patients with incarcerated or strangulated groin hernia Mesh versus non‐mesh for emergency groin hernia repair (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.04, 1.03] | 2 studies · 104 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair Reoperation due to complications (e.g. infection, seroma, bleeding) within 30 days of repair · adult patients with incarcerated or strangulated groin hernia Mesh versus non‐mesh for emergency groin hernia repair (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair Mesh removal within 30 days of repair · adult patients with incarcerated or strangulated groin hernia Mesh versus non‐mesh for emergency groin hernia repair (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 402 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Primary ‐ Short‐term complications (abscess, perforation, obstruction or fistula) within 30 days · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.3, 2.62] | 3 studies · 1329 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Recurrence during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Long‐term complications during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Long‐term emergency surgery during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ All‐cause mortality · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Adverse events · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary ‐ Short‐term complications (abscess, perforation, obstruction or fistula) within 30 days · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary ‐ Short‐term emergency surgery within 30 days · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Recurrence during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Long‐term complications during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.07, 15] | 1 study · 44 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Long‐term emergency surgery during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary ‐ Short‐term emergency surgery within 30 days · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.13, 1.71] | 3 studies · 1329 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ All cause mortality · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Adverse events · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Recurrence during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.81, 1.25] | 2 studies · 1024 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Long‐term complications during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.61, 1.93] | 2 studies · 1024 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Long‐term emergency surgery during · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.42 [0.58, 3.49] | 2 studies · 1024 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ All‐cause mortality  · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.6, 1.59] | 3 studies · 1262 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Secondary ‐ Adverse events · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.02, 1.13] | 3 studies · 1329 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Primary ‐ Short‐term complications (abscess, perforation, obstruction or fistula) within 30 days · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary ‐ Short‐term emergency surgery within 30 days · Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.11, 4.58] | 1 study · 51 participants | Low |
Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide Cardiopulmonary complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | Peto OR 2.62 [0.78, 8.85] | 3 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Helium vs carbon dioxide Procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Helium vs carbon dioxide Pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | Peto OR 8.28 [0.86, 80.03] | 3 studies · 128 participants | Very low |
Helium vs carbon dioxide Mortality · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 177 participants | Very low |
Helium vs carbon dioxide Quality of life · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Helium vs carbon dioxide Pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower score indicates less pain.Scale: 0–10 cm · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.49 | 2 studies · 108 participants | Low |
Helium vs carbon dioxide Analgesia requirements (morphine mg) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | MD 12 [4.44, 19.56] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Helium vs carbon dioxide Costs · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Room air vs carbon dioxide Cardiopulmonary complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Very low |
Room air vs carbon dioxide Procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Room air vs carbon dioxide Pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Very low |
Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide Procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.01 [0.14, 7.31] | 3 studies · 207 participants | Very low |
Room air vs carbon dioxide Mortality · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 146 participants | Very low |
Room air vs carbon dioxide Quality of life · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |