Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

121 questions · 121 findings · 12 reviews · All outcomes

No studies found 14 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 84 · 69.4%Very low 16 · 13.2%Low 3 · 2.5%Moderate 4 · 3.3%High 0 · 0%

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs RC Fill

Outcome not reported · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dual zinc + arginine dentifrice vs Control (regular fluoride) dentifrice

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether dual zinc + arginine dentifrice changes dentist-reported OLT hedonic rating (scale 1 to 9) compared with control (regular fluoride) dentifrice (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    mean 3 months
    Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Patient-reported OLT score · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    mean 3 months
    Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chemically cured zinc phosphate cement vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC)

Band failure (band adhesive loosening) · Patients with full arch fixed orthodontic appliances with bands attached to molars (patients with cleft lip/palate or other craniofacial…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Approximately 12 months (to end of treatment)
    No meta-analysis (band failure not reported on a per-patient basis). Durning 1989 (69 participants): at ~12 months failure rate 34.78% (zinc phosphate) vs 26% (glass ionomer), P > 0.05; mean survival time 470.9 vs…
    4 studies
    GRADE not reported

Chemically cured zinc phosphate cement vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC)

Decalcification · Patients with full arch fixed orthodontic appliances with bands attached to molars (patients with cleft lip/palate or other craniofacial…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Approximately 12 months (to end of treatment)
    No statistical analysis. Kvam 1983 (28 participants): 4 teeth affected by small decalcification spots (reversed by polishing and fluoride), all with the zinc phosphate cement. Galarraga 2003 (40 participants): 8…
    2 studies · 68 participants
    GRADE not reported

Zinc chloride + sodium fluoride dentifrice vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), gas chromatography · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Payne 2011 (cross-over RCT) compared ZnCl + NaF dentifrice versus control NaF dentifrice; VSC by gas chromatography. The trial reported the adjusted mean VSC scores in a graph and hence we could not use the data in the…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs placebo

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 weeks
    Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Oxygene: -47.63 at 2 weeks (64.97% reduction), -53.28 at 4 weeks (72.67% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks, -36.77 at 4 weeks (41.75%). No between-group…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs placebo

Organoleptic assessment of halitosis (mean change from baseline) · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 weeks
    Borden 2002: mean change in organoleptic score (scale 0 to 5). Oxygene (chlorine dioxide + zinc): 0 at 2 weeks, 0.06 at 4 weeks; Placebo: 0.23 at 2 weeks, 0.16 at 4 weeks. Oxygene did not appear to reduce organoleptic…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Glutaraldehyde + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Full strength formocresol (FC)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Glutaraldehyde + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) showed no clear difference in clinical failure compared with full strength formocresol (FC); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Glutaraldehyde + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Full strength formocresol (FC)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Glutaraldehyde + zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with full strength formocresol (FC); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review