Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

179 questions · 194 findings · 24 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 45 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 5 · 2.6%Very low 48 · 24.7%Low 35 · 18%Moderate 42 · 21.6%High 19 · 9.8%

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Death or cerebral palsy · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy ‐ at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids vs usual care

Preservation of visual acuity · patients age 10 years and older with periorbital or orbital cellulitis

It is very uncertain whether standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids changes preservation of visual acuity compared with standard treatment alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids vs usual care

Severity of pain on day 3 · patients age 10 years and older with periorbital or orbital cellulitis

It is very uncertain whether standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids changes severity of pain on day 3 compared with standard treatment alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids vs usual care

Duration of time requiring intravenous antibiotics · patients age 10 years and older with periorbital or orbital cellulitis

It is very uncertain whether standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids changes duration of time requiring intravenous antibiotics compared with standard treatment alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids vs usual care

Surgical intervention · patients age 10 years and older with periorbital or orbital cellulitis

It is very uncertain whether standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids changes need for surgical intervention compared with standard treatment alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids vs usual care

Adverse effects: exposure keratopathy · patients age 10 years and older with periorbital or orbital cellulitis

It is very uncertain whether standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids changes adverse effects: exposure keratopathy compared with standard treatment alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) · adults and children with chronic asthma

Increased showed no clear difference in treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (of those starting inhaler) · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (of those… compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 ≤ 2 weeks after treatment; oral corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema

Systemic or topical corticosteroids showed no clear difference in short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 ≤ 2 weeks after… compared with placebo or control treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Final visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 at end of treatment; oral corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema

Systemic or topical corticosteroids showed no clear difference in final visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 at end of treatment;… compared with placebo or control treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 ≤ 2 weeks after treatment; topical corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema

It is very uncertain whether systemic or topical corticosteroids changes short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/40 ≤ 2 weeks after… compared with placebo or control treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic or topical corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Final visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/25 at end of treatment; topical corticosteroids · people with traumatic hyphema

Systemic or topical corticosteroids showed no clear difference in final visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/25 at end of treatment;… compared with placebo or control treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids plus intranasal steroid/mucolytic/decongestant vs no intervention

Psychophysical testing for recovery of sense of smell · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection

It is very uncertain whether systemic corticosteroids plus intranasal… changes psychophysical testing for recovery of sense of smell compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review