Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

190 questions · 198 findings · 22 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 15 · 7.6%GRADE not reported 11 · 5.6%Very low 122 · 61.6%Low 43 · 21.7%Moderate 4 · 2%High 3 · 1.5%

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Time to return to usual activities⁶(time to return to school) · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Child satisfaction Assessed by an ordinal rating scale (11 points): very unhappy to very happy · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures
1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Parent satisfaction Rated as excellent or good · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures

Surgical interventions may leads to higher parent satisfaction Rated as excellent or good compared with conservative interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Resource use and other costs · Children and adolescents with femoral shaft fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

Treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary surgical intervention) ‐ Overall treatment failure · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Deep surgical site infection · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes deep surgical site infection compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

Treatment failure (Number of participants who have undergone or are being considered for a surgical intervention) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early vs delayed mobilisation

Self‐reported shoulder function: Croft Shoulder Disability Score (1 or more problems) · adults with minimally displaced or displaced (2‐part or 3‐part) proximal humeral fractures treated non‐surgically (5 trials)

It is very uncertain whether early changes self‐reported shoulder function: Croft Shoulder Disability Score (1… compared with delayed mobilisation (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review