Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

95 questions · 97 findings · 7 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 11 · 11.3%GRADE not reported 2 · 2.1%Very low 26 · 26.8%Low 19 · 19.6%Moderate 30 · 30.9%High 9 · 9.3%

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C2: Neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C2: Neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood compared with single course (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C3: Survival free of neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C3: Survival free of neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood compared with single course (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C4: Survival free of major neurodevelopmental impairment atearly childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C4: Survival free of major neurodevelopmental impairment atearly… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

D1: Total deaths (after randomisation) up to mid‐ to later childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in D1: Total deaths (after randomisation) up to mid‐ to later childhood compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

D2: Neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in D2: Neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later childhood compared with single course (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

D3: Survival free of neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in D3: Survival free of neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

D4: Survival free of major neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in D4: Survival free of major neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Maternal death · the woman

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in B1: Maternal death – all women compared with single course (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

B2: Maternal sepsis – an all women · the woman

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in B2: Maternal sepsis – an all women compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Perinatal mortality · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids probably leads to higher perinatal death (at population level) compared with routine (usual) care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Neonatal death (death within the first 28 days of life) · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids probably leads to higher neonatal death before 28 days (at population level) compared with routine (usual) care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Stillbirth · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids probably leads to higher stillbirth (at population level) compared with routine (usual) care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Appropriate ACS treatment (women) · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids may leads to higher appropriate ACS treatment (women) compared with routine (usual) care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Inappropriate ACS treatment (women) · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids may leads to higher inappropriate ACS treatment (women) compared with routine (usual) care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Maternal infection or inflammation (at population level) · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids may leads to higher maternal infection or inflammation (at population level) compared with routine (usual) care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Maternal death · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in maternal mortality (at population level) compared with routine (usual) care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Fetal/neonatal/infant · the fetus/neonate/infant

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroid showed no clear difference in A1: Fetal or neonatal or infant death (< 1 year of age) – all… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Respiratory distress syndrome · the fetus/neonate/infant

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroid leads to lower A5: Respiratory distress syndrome – all fetuses randomised compared with single course (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review